http://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Lsanten&feedformat=atomWoodland Harvest Wiki - User contributions
[en]2024-03-29T09:57:17ZUser contributions
MediaWiki 1.34.2http://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Micro_Hydro_Turbine&diff=586Micro Hydro Turbine2022-08-02T17:03:34Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The Micro Hydro Turbine system outputs around 60-110 W all day long. We currently don't have any accurate information on its original efficiency, head, or other characteristics. Please update this section and the micro-hydro page if you know more. <br />
<br />
# System information<br />
<br />
The micro-hydro system uses a pelton wheel turbine connected to a single-phase permanent magnet synchronous brushless generator (seemingly custom built), allowing for efficient output with little to no maintenance required (do grease the bearings now and then please). The output of the motor is fed through a full bridge rectifier (Sensata-Crydom M5060SB400) and directly into the battery. This results in a suboptimal yet reliable charge power of ~100W typical, compared to a theoretical maximum of 200-300W (pending further investigation).<br />
<br />
The motor consists of 12 slots on the stator and 6 magnets on the rotor. Maximum open circuit voltage is around 31.3V AC RMS (directly from the motor) at 163 Hz and 40V DC rectified (no load). Motor AC Kv is 196mV/Hz and DC Kv is 255mV/Hz.<br />
<br />
The motor terminals were extremely badly corroded until a replacement on 2021/1/28, which significantly boosted output power.<br />
<br />
# Maintenance and troubleshooting<br />
<br />
If you encounter no or low wattage output, the water bucket could be covered with leaves or the micro-hydro's brushless generator could have lost its magnetism. Only a few leaves on the mesh that sits on the bucket can drastically reduce the system's performance. The water bucket next to the water reservoir needs to be cleaned once a week.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note: We originally believed the generator to be a self-excited asynchronous generator (SEIG), which depends on residual magnetism to begin generating. The following paragraph was written with this assumption: <br />
<br />
The brushless generator loses its magnetism if the generator is stopped with a load on the system or spins for a long time while disconnected from the batteries. Therefore, it is recommended to disconnect the wires from the batteries before closing the main valve to stop the generator. If the system doesn't output energy even though it is spinning and connected, try to flash the magnetic field of the generator using the guidelines below. <br />
<br />
## How to flash the hydro generator<br />
<br />
Note: We originally believed the generator to be a self-excited asynchronous generator (SEIG), which depends on residual magnetism to begin generating. The following section was written with this assumption. However, this is not correct! The generator has permanent magnets. For this reason, please ignore this section: <br />
<br />
You have to flash the magnetic field of the generator if it loses its magnetic field. Residual magnetism in the generator exciter field allows the generator to build up voltage during start-up. This magnetism is sometimes lost due to shelf time or improper operation, among other reasons. Restoring this residual magnetism is possible and is sometimes referred to as "flashing the exciter field". [^flash-batteries]<br />
<br />
__Step 1__ [^flash-2] </br><br />
Start the generator. Check the circuit breakers. Reset them if they are tripped.<br />
<br />
__Step 2__ </br><br />
Insert the steel rod into the chuck of the corded drill. Tighten the chuck.<br />
<br />
__Step 3__ </br><br />
Insert the other end of the steel rod into the cordless drill. Tighten the chuck.<br />
<br />
__Step 4__ </br><br />
Plug the corded drill into the generator. Make sure both drills are set for forward (clockwise as viewed from the handle) rotation.<br />
<br />
__Step 5__ </br><br />
Hold both drills tightly. Press the trigger switch of the corded drill.<br />
<br />
__Step 6__ </br><br />
Press the trigger switch of the cordless drill, so that it spins the chuck of the corded drill. The corded drill acts as a small generator to feed current into the windings of the larger generator to magnetize the field and force it to start working. When this happens, the corded drill will start fighting against the cordless drill.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, we could get a flashing module to automatically flash the generator. Another option is to use a drill to excite the magnetic field again.[^flash-1]<br />
<br />
- https://www.hunker.com/13403116/how-to-flash-the-field-of-a-brushless-generator<br />
- http://www.dieselduck.info/machine/03%20electricity/flashing_generator.htm<br />
- http://www.jencin.com/Fixing.htm<br />
<br />
# References<br />
<br />
[^flash-batteries]:http://www.dieselduck.info/machine/03%20electricity/flashing_generator.htm<br />
<br />
[^flash-1]:https://www.ehow.co.uk/how_7987906_flash-field-brushless-generator.html<br />
<br />
[^flash-2]:https://www.hunker.com/13403116/how-to-flash-the-field-of-a-brushless-generator</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Ideas_for_the_next_round&diff=585Ideas for the next round2021-05-18T01:18:22Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>This is a collection of insights from the Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 semesters. <br />
<br />
## Personal equipment<br />
<br />
I (Leon) observed that many students didn't have useful things on their body. I believe that every person should have their own personal:<br />
<br />
- work gloves <br />
- head lamp<br />
- multi tool with knife <br />
- notebook and pen<br />
<br />
It's sometimes hard to imagine for what one would need a multi tool or work gloves because we have a tool shed, and tools and equipment are all over the place. A multi tool, for instance, is only useful if you carry it around because there will always be a moment when you don't want to walk back to the house but simply need to twist a nut with pliers or cut a zip tie. <br />
<br />
## Onboarding<br />
<br />
- safety instructions on how to operate high current power systems. for everyone, specifically about the batteries, how you can short yourself, not to short the batteries, where fire extinguishers are, etc...<br />
- go through every part of the house together, show where every spice in the kitchen is, every tool, every pot. Show how compost and humanure is being done. Super detailed!!!<br />
- show logins for this farm wiki, how it works, what it is useful for. <br />
<br />
## Project organization<br />
<br />
- have checklists for large projects that are made upfront (e.g. for building walls, two nails every 12 inches)<br />
<br />
## Logistics around money <br />
<br />
- have a folder and place for all receipts <br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
- have (buy!!) at least one drill and one impact drill, same brand, one set of batteries for them. This should probably be Dewalt brand so we can expand with the same good battery system and other devices.<br />
<br />
## Tweaks with great potential<br />
<br />
Share creative software with Aydan, Lisa, and Elizabeth like Adobe PDF Acrobat, Photoshop. <br />
<br />
<br />
Keep a running to do list on your phone for things to mention next meeting.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Info_for_summer_2021_students&diff=582Info for summer 2021 students2021-05-10T01:35:24Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>We left the farm in a fast fashion. Therefore, there is a lot of unfinished infrastructure. While there is<br />
<br />
- glowing crystal<br />
<br />
- instruction for generator</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Info_for_summer_2021_students&diff=581Info for summer 2021 students2021-05-10T00:38:55Z<p>Lsanten: Created page with "We left the farm in a fast fashion. Therefore, there is a lot of unfinished infrastructure. While there is"</p>
<hr />
<div>We left the farm in a fast fashion. Therefore, there is a lot of unfinished infrastructure. While there is</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Notes_-_Dynamic_Complexity_and_Resilience_Thesis/ISR-G&diff=580Notes - Dynamic Complexity and Resilience Thesis/ISR-G2021-04-30T16:54:20Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>by Leon Santen<br />
<br />
_These are notes for my thesis and independent study with Linda Vanasupa._<br />
<br />
Preliminary title: __Creating collective resilience, empowerment, and social innovation in higher education through immersive, community-based learning experiences and an integrated understanding of all the sciences__<br />
<br />
_Preliminary abstract_<br />
<blockquote>Modern science has reached a paradoxical position, in which the international community has acquired overwhelming amounts of knowledge by the means of ever-increasing specialization. However, those insights, oftentimes separated by discipline, leave us with little understanding to fight our current time’s structural disconnects (Scharmer 2013). We argue that life in the 21st century is one of dynamic complexity that asks for non-linear and organic thinking to engage in sustainable and effective problem-solving efforts, often called sustainable development (Holling 2001). At Olin College of Engineering, the disruption caused by the 2020 pandemic created a moment of campus-wide reflection that lead to an independently organized micro-campus of 15 students at a family-owned off-grid permaculture farm in North Carolina. This social enterprise showed a need for an integrated understanding of science and served as evidence that immersion into nature, sustainable living, and an intentional community can lead to a better understanding of our ecosystems and social-ecological systems. We see an opportunity in higher education to leverage our collective ability to create change and initiate social innovation by teaching an integrated, transdisciplinary understanding of science and opening up spaces and time for students to act upon emerging opportunities to contribute to and scale-up social innovation.</blockquote>[^Scharmer2013]<sup>,</sup>[^Holling2001]<br />
<br />
For more thoughts and the introduction, please follow this link to the [[Thesis outline - resilience and dynamic complexity]].<br />
<br />
# Notes<br />
<br />
I have a disposition that human development needs x - I'm taking the disposition that a world in the 21st century needs <br />
<br />
A holistic model of reality - the nature of the whole is that you will be complete your description <br />
<br />
you need a science<br />
You need a language <br />
you need spirituality<br />
you need <br />
<br />
Create a metaphor to lead through different web-nodes <br />
<br />
fields/relationships<br />
<br />
reductionist sciences - doesn't help you with complexity but to design a wedge<br />
<br />
- living systems diagram, five web nodes, living systems at the center<br />
- ontology - the nature of something<br />
- with your attention giving life to a living system <br />
- requires <br />
<br />
- practices for social innovation co-existence <br />
<br />
engineering for living for a thriving existence <br />
engineering education for interconnected living/being<br />
<br />
<br />
##Apr 16th 2021<br />
The nature of a field doesn’t last - it’s always changing<br />
Social field are vibratory - energy field <br />
<br />
<br />
Kurt lewin - group dynamics <br />
<br />
<br />
Diversity - different states of being<br />
<br />
<br />
A holistic science would be itself be holistic in learning it - all you need to Do, take the principles of DC - <br />
<br />
Patterns that education has are commensurate with the phenomena <br />
<br />
openness in learning (emphasizing questions not assertions)<br />
<br />
<br />
DC - recursion , attention to relationships<br />
<br />
# The shift in our ontological understanding of nature<br />
<br />
Coming from a century mainly driven by insights from the reductionist sciences and specialized disciplines, the western sciences look at the world around us (nature) by analyzing small pieces of the larger system. As in every reproducing organism, the increasing specialization in the natural sciences (e.g. subject specialization in master's degrees) is a reflection of the internal reductionist characteristic in the various disciplines. Therefore, we perceive nature as set of objects with different properties that can be analyzed, manipulated, and predicted. The relationship between different objects has only lately come into our focus. When we look at the relationships among the world around us, we observe that nature is an interconnected web, which does not prevail linear characteristics. Our science education from high school (chemistry, physics, mathematics) fails to give us an intuition for the complexity and characteristic of the interplay in nature. This issue brings up the following question:<br />
<br />
What essential scientific understanding is needed for a technologist in a world that is fundamentally dynamically complex?<br />
<br />
A _new_ science of holism is needed to convey an understanding of the world around us and all its layers; the natural, social, and critical epistemological realms. As this ontological shift is slowly taking place, we attempt to provide appropriate models, methods, language for phenomena, and threshold understandings that account for a dynamically complex world. <br />
<br />
The following categories attempt to embrace and suggest the emerging shape of a holistic epistemology. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion [^epis-oxford]. A new science that sees the interconnectedness of nature will therefore change our belief of what nature is (compared to the reducinist sciences).<br />
<br />
## 1. Models for a holistic world<br />
Insights/concepts that inform a holistic epistemology: structure conditions behavior, emergence as a phenomenon, fractals or emergence on different scales, the role of fields (disciplines), self-organization<br />
<br />
## 2. Methods of study that respect the nature of reality<br />
The _scientific method_ does not seem to be sufficient to account for learning on the way, drastically slowing down the discovery process. Furthermore, the researcher should be immersed in the study space. <br />
<br />
Emancipatory action research as an example for a research method that recognizes the nature of reality. <br />
<br />
## 3. Language for natural phenomena<br />
A _new_ approach to science requires a collective, shared understanding of natural phenomena. We need concepts to share and describe phenomena emerging in reality. Fields of study that offer such language are _systems thinking_, _concepts for dynamically complex systems_, _indigenous knowledge_ that perceives the world through a holistic lense.<br />
<br />
## 4. Threshold understandings of our current disciplines<br />
Some of these understandings arose from the reducinist sciences and should be understood inside the shift toward a holistic epistemology. <br />
<br />
### Biology <br />
<br />
- Autopoiesis as an example of reproduction of the internal characteristics, parts in a cell are only alive when in symbiosis with others. <br />
- The way we think about the world is not how we perceive the world with our senses. Our left half of the brain overwrites the sensory input and perception from our right side of the brain [^stroke-of-insight]. <br />
- the line between animate and inanimate is blurry. This is not a surprise considering how vital to life inanimate matter is. <br />
<br />
### Physics <br />
<br />
- energy fields <br />
<br />
## 5. Questions and knots to untangle for a change<br />
<br />
How can we transform the scientific landscape into a trans-disciplinary, co-creative project?</br><br />
What kind of internet interface do we need to support co-creation with transparency, dialectic, peer-assement, and accessibility?</br><br />
How can we transform educational institutions into places that create communities and drive social innovation beyond the 4-year enrollment? <br />
<br />
<br />
# Recommendations for higher Ed institutions <br />
<br />
- create a valid and accessible feedback loop. For instance, keep a keyboard and mail box in the dining hall where students can input any form of feedback. Make it visible to students. <br />
<br />
- transparency: publish all the money flows within and outward from the institution. The system can only be aware of itself when it can see itself.<br />
<br />
- allow a platform for political dialogue to fight the consensus that politics and policies are far away from us. <br />
<br />
- allow a collective co-creative project. Imagine an Olin Wikipedia where all insights from courses and research are saved. You have any question about a project or where to find something on campus? You know where to search! Anyone can add and edit. <br />
<br />
# Living and co-creating in community<br />
<br />
Our collective power lies in creativity. If we are meaningfully bonded through a collective aspiration and purpose, we can create long-lasting change and social innovation. Below are insights from the experimental Olin semester at Woodland Harvest Mountain farm and tips for a successful experience for students and mentors. <br />
<br />
## collective vision and approaches for communal co-creation<br />
<br />
It seems to be crucial to uniting a group with a collective vision, goal, and purpose. If expectations are aligned, a satisfying group experience is much easier to achieve. <br />
<br />
## Insights from fall 2020 semester<br />
<br />
Judgment permeates most institutions. How can we find shelter and safety without judgment? Do we need to feel safe first to refrain from applying judgment to other people's actions? Why do we not assume that someone else might have had a good reason for an action, behavior, or statement? Judgment is linked to grading and the nature of hierarchical reviewing. If a professor grades a report, their _legitimate_ judgment permeates the student's perception of their own work. They might even forget why they chose that title, on which their professor commented. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
We are only free in our minds. Why do we expect students to always report in words? If we allow ourselves to merely discover in our brains, we free ourselves from the constructs and rigidity that language inevitably creates. Why is it not enough to do something? Why do we always need to deliver words for the things we do in the world? I want to be among people that do something. I care less about how they write about what they do. Considering the dualistic ("one or the other") nature of many of our words, it seems obvious that it must be hard for students to embrace the un-understandableness of the world. Buddhism stays away from dualistic terms (body - soul, mankind - god) because it understands the totality of things and interconnectedness that leads to a complexity that goes beyond defined boundaries and black-and-white thinking.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
How can we give education meaning that goes beyond semester-long hands-on projects?<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
We only take a break when we're sick. As soon as we're sick the door opens to relax. Why do we need to have a weekly schedule that continues throughout the entire semester without any divergences? Such a repetitive routine attenuates any enthusiasm for the project work itself as you will have to inevitably face it. It doesn't matter whether or not you choose to engage with the project; if it's already in your calendar, there is no need to self-initiate engagement with the material. SCOPE was on every Tuesday (8-10AM), every Wednesday (6-7 PM), every Thursday (8-10AM), and every Friday (12-5PM). Good luck connecting with the material outside of your mental obligation zone. The only break from the five-hour Friday meeting was after thanksgiving. It felt as if I had never even been able to imagine what a free Friday was like. Why do we stick to weekly schedules in such a pathological manner? Anything that is not the exact plan is a failure - 14 vacation days per year are a good example.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
Why do we never design for ourselves? Why don't we apply Sustainable design projects to our living spaces? Why do our living spaces not allow for design interaction? Because they’re finished. Do we need unfinished environments that invite us to be modified? In the modern Western house, our environments start empty and are highly controlled. Everything that we add, change, or improve is an active decision that changes the untouched surfaces of our rooms. Every product that we buy to place in our rooms is a _perfectly_ designed solution to a problem. We are in full control. At a farm, in contrast, everything is messy at first, and one needs to make an active effort to bring satisfying structure and beauty into the world. I believe that the latter way of living comes closer to the character of the world we live in. Modern households are deceiving in their perfection and don't invite for engagement.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
We, humans, want things to be frictionless but the reality is that every step and action creates struggle because we’re smart enough to realize and see the mess. Is that the meaning behind Buddhism’s message: “Life is struggle”.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
From AlJazeera news: We need to go back to learning how to function as a society, people being together. Technology is not good or bad or neutral, is it what the intrinsic motivation behind it is. It’s a myth that Data is something we have within us. Its value is created by the interest that companies are allowed to put into it. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
_We create heaven and hell on earth ourselves_ (Buddhism). Christianity has this idea of fate which is counterproductive and creates a disconnect as it doesn’t underline everyone’s responsibility to the work on themselves in order to create the desired state of heaven. Don’t work hard, be critical with yourself. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
This WHMF experience was magical in so many ways, but I'm only slowly starting to understand that this is a lived form of research even though the orthodox definition of _research_ doesn't apply. One could call this _Emancapatory action research_ after Ledwith, 2017[^Ledwith2017]. This brings up a question to myself: how can we look at the spring 2021 semester as participatory/emancipatory action research?<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
An unchecked positive loop will ultimately destroy itself. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
Wait and create an environment where people want to do something. But humans need time to change. Humans need to learn how to learn, how to become a learning society. Encouring reflection, learning, and personal choice. <br />
</br></br><br />
Current science allows us to rule out a range of future as unrealistic. Relatedly, goal setting is rather a psychological than a scientific or technical aspect of project work.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>To be considered challenging, a goal must be relatively difficult but still realistically attainable. If a goal is too easy, then people are not motivated by it (e.g., change a light bulb?). Similarly, a goal that is clearly unrealistic and overly difficult causes people to give up and not even take the first steps toward achievement (e.g., go completely carbon neutral?) (Locke and Latham, 1990). Thus the best goals are specific, realistic, and challenging and can be broken down into specific behavioral steps. This type of goal results in the highest levels of motivation and achievement. Only a few studies have examined goal setting and sustainable behavior. One set of experiments examined<br />
goal setting and energy use.</blockquote>[^Manning2009]<br />
</br><br />
Systems with humans will show :<br />
- limited predictability<br />
- bounded rationality<br />
- limited certainty<br />
- undetermined causality<br />
- evolutionary change (Hjorth 2005[^Hjorth2005])<br />
</br></br><br />
Hidden things control the system, especially where we don't have feedback loops. Where is the mailbox for all those frustrated students to voice their frustrations? Course evaluations are something quite different? Where is the course evaluation for students' experience for the institution, in which they live for four years?<br />
</br></br><br />
Why do engineers not work with wood? Why do they think that they can only do things that go beyond carpentry and woodworking - i.e. working with metals and CNC machines.<br />
</br></br><br />
There are so many meaningful group work insights and learning outcomes that arise from working on simple geometry with people - build a wall frame with timber. Make cuts that are the right size. Plan and build together. When we take group work to a more abstract level, the issue-points of group work also become more abstract, which makes it harder to act upon arising issues. To get to know your own working habits, styles of communication and planning, we don’t need complicated projects. Keep it simple! If it’s even then still tricky, that tells you more than a tricky project that becomes more tricky. <br />
</br></br><br />
“Social innovation is not only a result of a brilliant idea or hard work of an individual. Successful social innovations are achieved through the interplay of “effective demand” (the “pull” factor) and “effective supply” (the “push” factor) (Westley 2010[^Westley2010]). At Olin College, the pull from the students was too low to plan a full-blown immersive education prototype for the spring 2021 semester. In comparison, up to 25 Wellesley College students showed interest to live at WHMF in the spring semester. My underlying assumption is that some Wellesley students believe regenerative agriculture, intentional community, and sustainable living are very much part of their identity as a pro-active inhabitant of this planet. Olin students might hear and consume less of such ideology but ironically believe that engineers will stop climate change. <br />
</br></br><br />
The Design Nature project at the farm should be to design a playground for an animal. Rats, cats, dogs have so much fun on playgrounds.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
## What sciences form the basis for living in a world of dynamic complexities?<br />
<br />
There is no right or wrong<br />
<br />
_Logistics_<br />
<br />
- How do we organize with several groups of three or more?<br />
- Grocery availability; food planning; which leftovers do we have? When will they spoil?<br />
- How to have a collective sense of what our needs are? What is the goal of the day?<br />
- Where are which tools? Will it rain or can we leave them at the worksite?<br />
- Who feels responsible for checking if work sites are covered from rain?<br />
<br />
_Climate/the elements/seasonal change_<br />
<br />
- What is the winter going to be like? Can we predict it? Why does climate change make predicting harder?<br />
- Which plants can I plant right now to take care of my future self? Which beds need to be maintained?<br />
- How does an early sunset affect my life?<br />
<br />
_Indigenous wisdom_<br />
<br />
- How to live in reciprocity?<br />
- Say thank you when you take something, leave gifts<br />
<br />
_Community and mental balance_<br />
<br />
- When should we go to bed?<br />
- How do I maintain healthy relationships and vibes?<br />
- How much work is good for us? How little work is bad for us?<br />
- How to lead a group meeting - organize rituals, celebrations, moments of grounding<br />
- How to address conflict in a productive, non-discussion manner?<br />
<br />
_Ethical self and the world around me_<br />
- How can I contribute to this world to live with each other in harmony?<br />
- What does fulfilling, meaningful work mean?<br />
- Which career paths are actually aligned with my values for others and myself?<br />
- Which work aligns with the mental and ethical standards for myself?<br />
<br />
_Biology_<br />
- How to keep ourselves healthy? What are basic animal needs?<br />
- How does the world around us live? From what?<br />
- What happens to us, the house, the animals when temperature drop below freezing?<br />
<br />
_Study of tools_<br />
<br />
- Operate tools safely and with confidence, build intuition for your own safety: hammers, electric drills, circular saw, rock bar…<br />
- Manage and keep track of tools. <br />
<br />
_Sport theory/anatomy /physical therapy_<br />
<br />
- How do I carry heavy wood without hurting my back? How do throw a rock bar?<br />
- How to chop wood without hurting your back.<br />
- How do I hammer properly without putting to much pressure on my wrist? <br />
- What do I do when my back hurts?<br />
- How to be aware of your own body needs. <br />
<br />
_Mechanical physics_<br />
<br />
- How do four people lift a heavy beam safely?<br />
- When is a structure sturdy (non-computational thinning and analysis)<br />
- Intuition of structure<br />
<br />
_Electrical world_<br />
<br />
- How does electricity flow? Which direction? When is it dangerous? From which side do sparks come and why?<br />
- How do you work with cables? How do you connect electrical devices properly with cables? Cabel labeling, cable harness<br />
- How do you keep an electrical working space clean and safe?<br />
- Simple electronics: connect batteries in series/parallel, <br />
<br />
- Coding, Laptop work, CADing<br />
- Arduino programming<br />
- Website HTML coding for communication with other people<br />
- CAD 3D structure for FAE analysis<br />
- Photoshop, make stickers, design signs for people<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
## Vocabulary<br />
<br />
- _amelioration_ - the act of making something better; improvement.<br />
- _paradigm_ - a typical example or pattern of something; a model. __or__ a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles.<br />
- _heterodox_ - not conforming with accepted or orthodox standards or beliefs.<br />
- _counterintuitive_<br />
- _panacea_<br />
- _expenditures & depreciation_<br />
- _leverage point_ or _bandaid_ in Odalys's words<br />
- _panarchy_ a term to describe a concept that explains the evolving nature of complex adaptive systems. P. is the hierarchical structure in which systems of nature (forests, grasslands), and humans (structures of governance, settlements, and cultures), as well as combines human-nature systems (agencies that control natural resources) and social-ecological systems are interlinked in never-ending adaptive cycles of growth, accumulation, restructuring, and renewal. - <br />
(from pan- and -archy), coined by Paul Émile de Puydt in 1860, is a form of governance that would encompass all others.<br />
- autopoiesis (from Greek αὐτo- (auto-) 'self', and ποίησις (poiesis) 'creation, production') refers to a system capable of reproducing and maintaining itself by creating its own parts and eventually further components.<br />
- Collective intelligence - Collective intelligence (CI) is shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making.<br />
- Tektology is a term used by Alexander Bogdanov to describe a discipline that consisted of unifying all social, biological and physical sciences by considering them as systems of relationships and by seeking the organizational principles that underlie all systems.<br />
- teleological - relating to or involving the explanation of phenomena in terms of the purpose they serve rather than of the cause by which they arise.<br />
- Vitalism is the belief that "living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things<br />
- vitalist-teleological - in the 1950s competing view to a mechanistic-causal philosophy around life/systems<br />
- pantheism - a doctrine which identifies God with the universe, or regards the universe as a manifestation of God<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^Scharmer2013]:Scharmer, C. O., & Kaufer, K. (2013). Leading from the emerging future: From ego-system to eco-system economies. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.<br />
<br />
[^Ledwith2017]:Ledwith, M. (2017). Emancipatory action research as a critical living praxis: From dominant narratives to counternarrative. In The Palgrave international handbook of action research (pp. 49-62). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.<br />
<br />
[^Hjorth2005]:Hjorth, P., & Bagheri, A. (2006). Navigating towards sustainable development: A system dynamics approach. Futures, 38(1), 74-92.<br />
<br />
[^Manning2009]:Manning, C. (2009). The psychology of sustainable behavior: Tips for empowering people to take environmentally positive action. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.<br />
<br />
[^Westley2010]:Westley, F., & Antadze, N. (2010). Making a difference: Strategies for scaling social innovation for greater impact. Innovation Journal, 15(2).<br />
<br />
[^Holling2001]:Holling, C. S. (2001). Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological, and social systems. Ecosystems, 4(5), 390-405.<br />
<br />
[^stroke-of-insight]: Jill Bolte Taylor: My stroke of insight | TED Talk. (n.d.). . Retrieved February 18, 2021, from https://www.ted.com/talks/jill_bolte_taylor_my_stroke_of_insight?language=en<br />
<br />
[^epis-oxford]: Oxford Languages and Google - English | Oxford Languages</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Notes_-_Dynamic_Complexity_and_Resilience_Thesis/ISR-G&diff=579Notes - Dynamic Complexity and Resilience Thesis/ISR-G2021-04-28T22:17:57Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>by Leon Santen<br />
<br />
_These are notes for my thesis and independent study with Linda Vanasupa._<br />
<br />
Preliminary title: __Creating collective resilience, empowerment, and social innovation in higher education through immersive, community-based learning experiences and an integrated understanding of all the sciences__<br />
<br />
_Abstract_<br />
<blockquote>Modern science has reached a paradoxical position, in which the international community has acquired overwhelming amounts of knowledge by the means of ever-increasing specialization. However, those insights, oftentimes separated by discipline, leave us with little understanding to fight our current time’s structural disconnects (Scharmer 2013). We argue that life in the 21st century is one of dynamic complexity that asks for non-linear and organic thinking to engage in sustainable and effective problem-solving efforts, often called sustainable development (Holling 2001). At Olin College of Engineering, the disruption caused by the 2020 pandemic created a moment of campus-wide reflection that lead to an independently organized micro-campus of 15 students at a family-owned off-grid permaculture farm in North Carolina. This social enterprise showed a need for an integrated understanding of science and served as evidence that immersion into nature, sustainable living, and an intentional community can lead to a better understanding of our ecosystems and social-ecological systems. We see an opportunity in higher education to leverage our collective ability to create change and initiate social innovation by teaching an integrated, transdisciplinary understanding of science and opening up spaces and time for students to act upon emerging opportunities to contribute to and scale-up social innovation.</blockquote>[^Scharmer2013]<sup>,</sup>[^Holling2001]<br />
<br />
For more thoughts and the introduction, please follow this link to the [[Thesis outline - resilience and dynamic complexity]].<br />
<br />
# Notes<br />
<br />
I have a disposition that human development needs x - I'm taking the disposition that a world in the 21st century needs <br />
<br />
A holistic model of reality - the nature of the whole is that you will be complete your description <br />
<br />
you need a science<br />
You need a language <br />
you need spirituality<br />
you need <br />
<br />
Create a metaphor to lead through different web-nodes <br />
<br />
fields/relationships<br />
<br />
reductionist sciences - doesn't help you with complexity but to design a wedge<br />
<br />
- living systems diagram, five web nodes, living systems at the center<br />
- ontology - the nature of something<br />
- with your attention giving life to a living system <br />
- requires <br />
<br />
- practices for social innovation co-existence <br />
<br />
engineering for living for a thriving existence <br />
engineering education for interconnected living/being<br />
<br />
<br />
##Apr 16th 2021<br />
The nature of a field doesn’t last - it’s always changing<br />
Social field are vibratory - energy field <br />
<br />
<br />
Kurt lewin - group dynamics <br />
<br />
<br />
Diversity - different states of being<br />
<br />
<br />
A holistic science would be itself be holistic in learning it - all you need to Do, take the principles of DC - <br />
<br />
Patterns that education has are commensurate with the phenomena <br />
<br />
openness in learning (emphasizing questions not assertions)<br />
<br />
<br />
DC - recursion , attention to relationships<br />
<br />
# The shift in our ontological understanding of nature<br />
<br />
Coming from a century mainly driven by insights from the reductionist sciences and specialized disciplines, the western sciences look at the world around us (nature) by analyzing small pieces of the larger system. As in every reproducing organism, the increasing specialization in the natural sciences (e.g. subject specialization in master's degrees) is a reflection of the internal reductionist characteristic in the various disciplines. Therefore, we perceive nature as set of objects with different properties that can be analyzed, manipulated, and predicted. The relationship between different objects has only lately come into our focus. When we look at the relationships among the world around us, we observe that nature is an interconnected web, which does not prevail linear characteristics. Our science education from high school (chemistry, physics, mathematics) fails to give us an intuition for the complexity and characteristic of the interplay in nature. This issue brings up the following question:<br />
<br />
What essential scientific understanding is needed for a technologist in a world that is fundamentally dynamically complex?<br />
<br />
A _new_ science of holism is needed to convey an understanding of the world around us and all its layers; the natural, social, and critical epistemological realms. As this ontological shift is slowly taking place, we attempt to provide appropriate models, methods, language for phenomena, and threshold understandings that account for a dynamically complex world. <br />
<br />
The following categories attempt to embrace and suggest the emerging shape of a holistic epistemology. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion [^epis-oxford]. A new science that sees the interconnectedness of nature will therefore change our belief of what nature is (compared to the reducinist sciences).<br />
<br />
## 1. Models for a holistic world<br />
Insights/concepts that inform a holistic epistemology: structure conditions behavior, emergence as a phenomenon, fractals or emergence on different scales, the role of fields (disciplines), self-organization<br />
<br />
## 2. Methods of study that respect the nature of reality<br />
The _scientific method_ does not seem to be sufficient to account for learning on the way, drastically slowing down the discovery process. Furthermore, the researcher should be immersed in the study space. <br />
<br />
Emancipatory action research as an example for a research method that recognizes the nature of reality. <br />
<br />
## 3. Language for natural phenomena<br />
A _new_ approach to science requires a collective, shared understanding of natural phenomena. We need concepts to share and describe phenomena emerging in reality. Fields of study that offer such language are _systems thinking_, _concepts for dynamically complex systems_, _indigenous knowledge_ that perceives the world through a holistic lense.<br />
<br />
## 4. Threshold understandings of our current disciplines<br />
Some of these understandings arose from the reducinist sciences and should be understood inside the shift toward a holistic epistemology. <br />
<br />
### Biology <br />
<br />
- Autopoiesis as an example of reproduction of the internal characteristics, parts in a cell are only alive when in symbiosis with others. <br />
- The way we think about the world is not how we perceive the world with our senses. Our left half of the brain overwrites the sensory input and perception from our right side of the brain [^stroke-of-insight]. <br />
- the line between animate and inanimate is blurry. This is not a surprise considering how vital to life inanimate matter is. <br />
<br />
### Physics <br />
<br />
- energy fields <br />
<br />
## 5. Questions and knots to untangle for a change<br />
<br />
How can we transform the scientific landscape into a trans-disciplinary, co-creative project?</br><br />
What kind of internet interface do we need to support co-creation with transparency, dialectic, peer-assement, and accessibility?</br><br />
How can we transform educational institutions into places that create communities and drive social innovation beyond the 4-year enrollment? <br />
<br />
<br />
# Recommendations for higher Ed institutions <br />
<br />
- create a valid and accessible feedback loop. For instance, keep a keyboard and mail box in the dining hall where students can input any form of feedback. Make it visible to students. <br />
<br />
- transparency: publish all the money flows within and outward from the institution. The system can only be aware of itself when it can see itself.<br />
<br />
- allow a platform for political dialogue to fight the consensus that politics and policies are far away from us. <br />
<br />
- allow a collective co-creative project. Imagine an Olin Wikipedia where all insights from courses and research are saved. You have any question about a project or where to find something on campus? You know where to search! Anyone can add and edit. <br />
<br />
# Living and co-creating in community<br />
<br />
Our collective power lies in creativity. If we are meaningfully bonded through a collective aspiration and purpose, we can create long-lasting change and social innovation. Below are insights from the experimental Olin semester at Woodland Harvest Mountain farm and tips for a successful experience for students and mentors. <br />
<br />
## collective vision and approaches for communal co-creation<br />
<br />
It seems to be crucial to uniting a group with a collective vision, goal, and purpose. If expectations are aligned, a satisfying group experience is much easier to achieve. <br />
<br />
## Insights from fall 2020 semester<br />
<br />
Judgment permeates most institutions. How can we find shelter and safety without judgment? Do we need to feel safe first to refrain from applying judgment to other people's actions? Why do we not assume that someone else might have had a good reason for an action, behavior, or statement? Judgment is linked to grading and the nature of hierarchical reviewing. If a professor grades a report, their _legitimate_ judgment permeates the student's perception of their own work. They might even forget why they chose that title, on which their professor commented. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
We are only free in our minds. Why do we expect students to always report in words? If we allow ourselves to merely discover in our brains, we free ourselves from the constructs and rigidity that language inevitably creates. Why is it not enough to do something? Why do we always need to deliver words for the things we do in the world? I want to be among people that do something. I care less about how they write about what they do. Considering the dualistic ("one or the other") nature of many of our words, it seems obvious that it must be hard for students to embrace the un-understandableness of the world. Buddhism stays away from dualistic terms (body - soul, mankind - god) because it understands the totality of things and interconnectedness that leads to a complexity that goes beyond defined boundaries and black-and-white thinking.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
How can we give education meaning that goes beyond semester-long hands-on projects?<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
We only take a break when we're sick. As soon as we're sick the door opens to relax. Why do we need to have a weekly schedule that continues throughout the entire semester without any divergences? Such a repetitive routine attenuates any enthusiasm for the project work itself as you will have to inevitably face it. It doesn't matter whether or not you choose to engage with the project; if it's already in your calendar, there is no need to self-initiate engagement with the material. SCOPE was on every Tuesday (8-10AM), every Wednesday (6-7 PM), every Thursday (8-10AM), and every Friday (12-5PM). Good luck connecting with the material outside of your mental obligation zone. The only break from the five-hour Friday meeting was after thanksgiving. It felt as if I had never even been able to imagine what a free Friday was like. Why do we stick to weekly schedules in such a pathological manner? Anything that is not the exact plan is a failure - 14 vacation days per year are a good example.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
Why do we never design for ourselves? Why don't we apply Sustainable design projects to our living spaces? Why do our living spaces not allow for design interaction? Because they’re finished. Do we need unfinished environments that invite us to be modified? In the modern Western house, our environments start empty and are highly controlled. Everything that we add, change, or improve is an active decision that changes the untouched surfaces of our rooms. Every product that we buy to place in our rooms is a _perfectly_ designed solution to a problem. We are in full control. At a farm, in contrast, everything is messy at first, and one needs to make an active effort to bring satisfying structure and beauty into the world. I believe that the latter way of living comes closer to the character of the world we live in. Modern households are deceiving in their perfection and don't invite for engagement.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
We, humans, want things to be frictionless but the reality is that every step and action creates struggle because we’re smart enough to realize and see the mess. Is that the meaning behind Buddhism’s message: “Life is struggle”.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
From AlJazeera news: We need to go back to learning how to function as a society, people being together. Technology is not good or bad or neutral, is it what the intrinsic motivation behind it is. It’s a myth that Data is something we have within us. Its value is created by the interest that companies are allowed to put into it. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
_We create heaven and hell on earth ourselves_ (Buddhism). Christianity has this idea of fate which is counterproductive and creates a disconnect as it doesn’t underline everyone’s responsibility to the work on themselves in order to create the desired state of heaven. Don’t work hard, be critical with yourself. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
This WHMF experience was magical in so many ways, but I'm only slowly starting to understand that this is a lived form of research even though the orthodox definition of _research_ doesn't apply. One could call this _Emancapatory action research_ after Ledwith, 2017[^Ledwith2017]. This brings up a question to myself: how can we look at the spring 2021 semester as participatory/emancipatory action research?<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
An unchecked positive loop will ultimately destroy itself. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
Wait and create an environment where people want to do something. But humans need time to change. Humans need to learn how to learn, how to become a learning society. Encouring reflection, learning, and personal choice. <br />
</br></br><br />
Current science allows us to rule out a range of future as unrealistic. Relatedly, goal setting is rather a psychological than a scientific or technical aspect of project work.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>To be considered challenging, a goal must be relatively difficult but still realistically attainable. If a goal is too easy, then people are not motivated by it (e.g., change a light bulb?). Similarly, a goal that is clearly unrealistic and overly difficult causes people to give up and not even take the first steps toward achievement (e.g., go completely carbon neutral?) (Locke and Latham, 1990). Thus the best goals are specific, realistic, and challenging and can be broken down into specific behavioral steps. This type of goal results in the highest levels of motivation and achievement. Only a few studies have examined goal setting and sustainable behavior. One set of experiments examined<br />
goal setting and energy use.</blockquote>[^Manning2009]<br />
</br><br />
Systems with humans will show :<br />
- limited predictability<br />
- bounded rationality<br />
- limited certainty<br />
- undetermined causality<br />
- evolutionary change (Hjorth 2005[^Hjorth2005])<br />
</br></br><br />
Hidden things control the system, especially where we don't have feedback loops. Where is the mailbox for all those frustrated students to voice their frustrations? Course evaluations are something quite different? Where is the course evaluation for students' experience for the institution, in which they live for four years?<br />
</br></br><br />
Why do engineers not work with wood? Why do they think that they can only do things that go beyond carpentry and woodworking - i.e. working with metals and CNC machines.<br />
</br></br><br />
There are so many meaningful group work insights and learning outcomes that arise from working on simple geometry with people - build a wall frame with timber. Make cuts that are the right size. Plan and build together. When we take group work to a more abstract level, the issue-points of group work also become more abstract, which makes it harder to act upon arising issues. To get to know your own working habits, styles of communication and planning, we don’t need complicated projects. Keep it simple! If it’s even then still tricky, that tells you more than a tricky project that becomes more tricky. <br />
</br></br><br />
“Social innovation is not only a result of a brilliant idea or hard work of an individual. Successful social innovations are achieved through the interplay of “effective demand” (the “pull” factor) and “effective supply” (the “push” factor) (Westley 2010[^Westley2010]). At Olin College, the pull from the students was too low to plan a full-blown immersive education prototype for the spring 2021 semester. In comparison, up to 25 Wellesley College students showed interest to live at WHMF in the spring semester. My underlying assumption is that some Wellesley students believe regenerative agriculture, intentional community, and sustainable living are very much part of their identity as a pro-active inhabitant of this planet. Olin students might hear and consume less of such ideology but ironically believe that engineers will stop climate change. <br />
</br></br><br />
The Design Nature project at the farm should be to design a playground for an animal. Rats, cats, dogs have so much fun on playgrounds.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
## What sciences form the basis for living in a world of dynamic complexities?<br />
<br />
There is no right or wrong<br />
<br />
_Logistics_<br />
<br />
- How do we organize with several groups of three or more?<br />
- Grocery availability; food planning; which leftovers do we have? When will they spoil?<br />
- How to have a collective sense of what our needs are? What is the goal of the day?<br />
- Where are which tools? Will it rain or can we leave them at the worksite?<br />
- Who feels responsible for checking if work sites are covered from rain?<br />
<br />
_Climate/the elements/seasonal change_<br />
<br />
- What is the winter going to be like? Can we predict it? Why does climate change make predicting harder?<br />
- Which plants can I plant right now to take care of my future self? Which beds need to be maintained?<br />
- How does an early sunset affect my life?<br />
<br />
_Indigenous wisdom_<br />
<br />
- How to live in reciprocity?<br />
- Say thank you when you take something, leave gifts<br />
<br />
_Community and mental balance_<br />
<br />
- When should we go to bed?<br />
- How do I maintain healthy relationships and vibes?<br />
- How much work is good for us? How little work is bad for us?<br />
- How to lead a group meeting - organize rituals, celebrations, moments of grounding<br />
- How to address conflict in a productive, non-discussion manner?<br />
<br />
_Ethical self and the world around me_<br />
- How can I contribute to this world to live with each other in harmony?<br />
- What does fulfilling, meaningful work mean?<br />
- Which career paths are actually aligned with my values for others and myself?<br />
- Which work aligns with the mental and ethical standards for myself?<br />
<br />
_Biology_<br />
- How to keep ourselves healthy? What are basic animal needs?<br />
- How does the world around us live? From what?<br />
- What happens to us, the house, the animals when temperature drop below freezing?<br />
<br />
_Study of tools_<br />
<br />
- Operate tools safely and with confidence, build intuition for your own safety: hammers, electric drills, circular saw, rock bar…<br />
- Manage and keep track of tools. <br />
<br />
_Sport theory/anatomy /physical therapy_<br />
<br />
- How do I carry heavy wood without hurting my back? How do throw a rock bar?<br />
- How to chop wood without hurting your back.<br />
- How do I hammer properly without putting to much pressure on my wrist? <br />
- What do I do when my back hurts?<br />
- How to be aware of your own body needs. <br />
<br />
_Mechanical physics_<br />
<br />
- How do four people lift a heavy beam safely?<br />
- When is a structure sturdy (non-computational thinning and analysis)<br />
- Intuition of structure<br />
<br />
_Electrical world_<br />
<br />
- How does electricity flow? Which direction? When is it dangerous? From which side do sparks come and why?<br />
- How do you work with cables? How do you connect electrical devices properly with cables? Cabel labeling, cable harness<br />
- How do you keep an electrical working space clean and safe?<br />
- Simple electronics: connect batteries in series/parallel, <br />
<br />
- Coding, Laptop work, CADing<br />
- Arduino programming<br />
- Website HTML coding for communication with other people<br />
- CAD 3D structure for FAE analysis<br />
- Photoshop, make stickers, design signs for people<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
## Vocabulary<br />
<br />
- _amelioration_ - the act of making something better; improvement.<br />
- _paradigm_ - a typical example or pattern of something; a model. __or__ a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles.<br />
- _heterodox_ - not conforming with accepted or orthodox standards or beliefs.<br />
- _counterintuitive_<br />
- _panacea_<br />
- _expenditures & depreciation_<br />
- _leverage point_ or _bandaid_ in Odalys's words<br />
- _panarchy_ a term to describe a concept that explains the evolving nature of complex adaptive systems. P. is the hierarchical structure in which systems of nature (forests, grasslands), and humans (structures of governance, settlements, and cultures), as well as combines human-nature systems (agencies that control natural resources) and social-ecological systems are interlinked in never-ending adaptive cycles of growth, accumulation, restructuring, and renewal. - <br />
(from pan- and -archy), coined by Paul Émile de Puydt in 1860, is a form of governance that would encompass all others.<br />
- autopoiesis (from Greek αὐτo- (auto-) 'self', and ποίησις (poiesis) 'creation, production') refers to a system capable of reproducing and maintaining itself by creating its own parts and eventually further components.<br />
- Collective intelligence - Collective intelligence (CI) is shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making.<br />
- Tektology is a term used by Alexander Bogdanov to describe a discipline that consisted of unifying all social, biological and physical sciences by considering them as systems of relationships and by seeking the organizational principles that underlie all systems.<br />
- teleological - relating to or involving the explanation of phenomena in terms of the purpose they serve rather than of the cause by which they arise.<br />
- Vitalism is the belief that "living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things<br />
- vitalist-teleological - in the 1950s competing view to a mechanistic-causal philosophy around life/systems<br />
- pantheism - a doctrine which identifies God with the universe, or regards the universe as a manifestation of God<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^Scharmer2013]:Scharmer, C. O., & Kaufer, K. (2013). Leading from the emerging future: From ego-system to eco-system economies. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.<br />
<br />
[^Ledwith2017]:Ledwith, M. (2017). Emancipatory action research as a critical living praxis: From dominant narratives to counternarrative. In The Palgrave international handbook of action research (pp. 49-62). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.<br />
<br />
[^Hjorth2005]:Hjorth, P., & Bagheri, A. (2006). Navigating towards sustainable development: A system dynamics approach. Futures, 38(1), 74-92.<br />
<br />
[^Manning2009]:Manning, C. (2009). The psychology of sustainable behavior: Tips for empowering people to take environmentally positive action. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.<br />
<br />
[^Westley2010]:Westley, F., & Antadze, N. (2010). Making a difference: Strategies for scaling social innovation for greater impact. Innovation Journal, 15(2).<br />
<br />
[^Holling2001]:Holling, C. S. (2001). Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological, and social systems. Ecosystems, 4(5), 390-405.<br />
<br />
[^stroke-of-insight]: Jill Bolte Taylor: My stroke of insight | TED Talk. (n.d.). . Retrieved February 18, 2021, from https://www.ted.com/talks/jill_bolte_taylor_my_stroke_of_insight?language=en<br />
<br />
[^epis-oxford]: Oxford Languages and Google - English | Oxford Languages</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Ideas_for_the_next_round&diff=578Ideas for the next round2021-04-25T03:24:51Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>This is a collection of insights from the Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 semesters. <br />
<br />
## Personal equipment<br />
<br />
I (Leon) observed that many students didn't have useful things on their body. I believe that every person should have their own personal:<br />
<br />
- work gloves <br />
- head lamp<br />
- multi tool with knife <br />
- notebook and pen<br />
<br />
It's sometimes hard to imagine for what one would need a multi tool or work gloves because we have a tool shed, and tools and equipment are all over the place. A multi tool, for instance, is only useful if you carry it around because there will always be a moment when you don't want to walk back to the house but simply need to twist a nut with pliers or cut a zip tie. <br />
<br />
## Onboarding<br />
<br />
- go through every part of the house together, show where every spice in the kitchen is, every tool, every pot. Show how compost and humanure is being done. Super detailed!!!<br />
- show logins for this farm wiki, how it works, what it is useful for. <br />
<br />
## Project organization<br />
<br />
- have checklists for large projects that are made upfront (e.g. for building walls, two nails every 12 inches)<br />
<br />
## Logistics around money <br />
<br />
- have a folder and place for all receipts <br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
- have (buy!!) at least one drill and one impact drill, same brand, one set of batteries for them. This should probably be Dewalt brand so we can expand with the same good battery system and other devices.<br />
<br />
## Tweaks with great potential<br />
<br />
Share creative software with Aydan, Lisa, and Elizabeth like Adobe PDF Acrobat, Photoshop. <br />
<br />
<br />
Keep a running to do list on your phone for things to mention next meeting.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Ideas_for_the_next_round&diff=577Ideas for the next round2021-04-24T22:37:11Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>This is a collection of insights from the Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 semesters. <br />
<br />
## Personal equipment<br />
<br />
I (Leon) observed that many students didn't have useful things on their body. I believe that every person should have their own personal:<br />
<br />
- work gloves <br />
- head lamp<br />
- multi tool with knife <br />
- notebook and pen<br />
<br />
It's sometimes hard to imagine for what one would need a multi tool or work gloves because we have a tool shed, and tools and equipment are all over the place. A multi tool, for instance, is only useful if you carry it around because there will always be a moment when you don't want to walk back to the house but simply need to twist a nut with pliers or cut a zip tie. <br />
<br />
## Onboarding<br />
<br />
- go through every part of the house together, show where every spice in the kitchen is, every tool, every pot. Show how compost and humanure is being done. Super detailed!!!<br />
- show logins for this farm wiki, how it works, what it is useful for. <br />
<br />
## Project organization<br />
<br />
- have checklists for large projects that are made upfront (e.g. for building walls, two nails every 12 inches)<br />
<br />
## Logistics around money <br />
<br />
- have a folder and place for all receipts <br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
- have (buy!!) at least one drill and one impact drill, same brand, one set of batteries for them. This should probably be Dewalt brand so we can expand with the same good battery system and other devices.<br />
<br />
Tweaks for everyday life with ## great potential<br />
<br />
Keep a running to do list on your phone for thkna to mention next meeting</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Notes_-_Dynamic_Complexity_and_Resilience_Thesis/ISR-G&diff=576Notes - Dynamic Complexity and Resilience Thesis/ISR-G2021-04-23T20:45:26Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>by Leon Santen<br />
<br />
_These are notes for my thesis and independent study with Linda Vanasupa._<br />
<br />
Preliminary title: __Creating collective resilience, empowerment, and social innovation in higher education through immersive, community-based learning experiences and an integrated understanding of all the sciences__<br />
<br />
_Abstract_<br />
<blockquote>Modern science has reached a paradoxical position, in which the international community has acquired overwhelming amounts of knowledge by the means of ever-increasing specialization. However, those insights, oftentimes separated by discipline, leave us with little understanding to fight our current time’s structural disconnects (Scharmer 2013). We argue that life in the 21st century is one of dynamic complexity that asks for non-linear and organic thinking to engage in sustainable and effective problem-solving efforts, often called sustainable development (Holling 2001). At Olin College of Engineering, the disruption caused by the 2020 pandemic created a moment of campus-wide reflection that lead to an independently organized micro-campus of 15 students at a family-owned off-grid permaculture farm in North Carolina. This social enterprise showed a need for an integrated understanding of science and served as evidence that immersion into nature, sustainable living, and an intentional community can lead to a better understanding of our ecosystems and social-ecological systems. We see an opportunity in higher education to leverage our collective ability to create change and initiate social innovation by teaching an integrated, transdisciplinary understanding of science and opening up spaces and time for students to act upon emerging opportunities to contribute to and scale-up social innovation.</blockquote>[^Scharmer2013]<sup>,</sup>[^Holling2001]<br />
<br />
For more thoughts and the introduction, please follow this link to the [[Thesis outline - resilience and dynamic complexity]].<br />
<br />
# Notes<br />
<br />
engineering for living for a thriving existence <br />
engineering education for interconnected living/being<br />
<br />
<br />
##Apr 16th 2021<br />
The nature of a field doesn’t last - it’s always changing<br />
Social field are vibratory - energy field <br />
<br />
<br />
Kurt lewin - group dynamics <br />
<br />
<br />
Diversity - different states of being<br />
<br />
<br />
A holistic science would be itself be holistic in learning it - all you need to Do, take the principles of DC - <br />
<br />
Patterns that education has are commensurate with the phenomena <br />
<br />
openness in learning (emphasizing questions not assertions)<br />
<br />
<br />
DC - recursion , attention to relationships<br />
<br />
# The shift in our ontological understanding of nature<br />
<br />
Coming from a century mainly driven by insights from the reductionist sciences and specialized disciplines, the western sciences look at the world around us (nature) by analyzing small pieces of the larger system. As in every reproducing organism, the increasing specialization in the natural sciences (e.g. subject specialization in master's degrees) is a reflection of the internal reductionist characteristic in the various disciplines. Therefore, we perceive nature as set of objects with different properties that can be analyzed, manipulated, and predicted. The relationship between different objects has only lately come into our focus. When we look at the relationships among the world around us, we observe that nature is an interconnected web, which does not prevail linear characteristics. Our science education from high school (chemistry, physics, mathematics) fails to give us an intuition for the complexity and characteristic of the interplay in nature. This issue brings up the following question:<br />
<br />
What essential scientific understanding is needed for a technologist in a world that is fundamentally dynamically complex?<br />
<br />
A _new_ science of holism is needed to convey an understanding of the world around us and all its layers; the natural, social, and critical epistemological realms. As this ontological shift is slowly taking place, we attempt to provide appropriate models, methods, language for phenomena, and threshold understandings that account for a dynamically complex world. <br />
<br />
The following categories attempt to embrace and suggest the emerging shape of a holistic epistemology. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion [^epis-oxford]. A new science that sees the interconnectedness of nature will therefore change our belief of what nature is (compared to the reducinist sciences).<br />
<br />
## 1. Models for a holistic world<br />
Insights/concepts that inform a holistic epistemology: structure conditions behavior, emergence as a phenomenon, fractals or emergence on different scales, the role of fields (disciplines), self-organization<br />
<br />
## 2. Methods of study that respect the nature of reality<br />
The _scientific method_ does not seem to be sufficient to account for learning on the way, drastically slowing down the discovery process. Furthermore, the researcher should be immersed in the study space. <br />
<br />
Emancipatory action research as an example for a research method that recognizes the nature of reality. <br />
<br />
## 3. Language for natural phenomena<br />
A _new_ approach to science requires a collective, shared understanding of natural phenomena. We need concepts to share and describe phenomena emerging in reality. Fields of study that offer such language are _systems thinking_, _concepts for dynamically complex systems_, _indigenous knowledge_ that perceives the world through a holistic lense.<br />
<br />
## 4. Threshold understandings of our current disciplines<br />
Some of these understandings arose from the reducinist sciences and should be understood inside the shift toward a holistic epistemology. <br />
<br />
### Biology <br />
<br />
- Autopoiesis as an example of reproduction of the internal characteristics, parts in a cell are only alive when in symbiosis with others. <br />
- The way we think about the world is not how we perceive the world with our senses. Our left half of the brain overwrites the sensory input and perception from our right side of the brain [^stroke-of-insight]. <br />
- the line between animate and inanimate is blurry. This is not a surprise considering how vital to life inanimate matter is. <br />
<br />
### Physics <br />
<br />
- energy fields <br />
<br />
## 5. Questions and knots to untangle for a change<br />
<br />
How can we transform the scientific landscape into a trans-disciplinary, co-creative project?</br><br />
What kind of internet interface do we need to support co-creation with transparency, dialectic, peer-assement, and accessibility?</br><br />
How can we transform educational institutions into places that create communities and drive social innovation beyond the 4-year enrollment? <br />
<br />
<br />
# Recommendations for higher Ed institutions <br />
<br />
- create a valid and accessible feedback loop. For instance, keep a keyboard and mail box in the dining hall where students can input any form of feedback. Make it visible to students. <br />
<br />
- transparency: publish all the money flows within and outward from the institution. The system can only be aware of itself when it can see itself.<br />
<br />
- allow a platform for political dialogue to fight the consensus that politics and policies are far away from us. <br />
<br />
- allow a collective co-creative project. Imagine an Olin Wikipedia where all insights from courses and research are saved. You have any question about a project or where to find something on campus? You know where to search! Anyone can add and edit. <br />
<br />
# Living and co-creating in community<br />
<br />
Our collective power lies in creativity. If we are meaningfully bonded through a collective aspiration and purpose, we can create long-lasting change and social innovation. Below are insights from the experimental Olin semester at Woodland Harvest Mountain farm and tips for a successful experience for students and mentors. <br />
<br />
## collective vision and approaches for communal co-creation<br />
<br />
It seems to be crucial to uniting a group with a collective vision, goal, and purpose. If expectations are aligned, a satisfying group experience is much easier to achieve. <br />
<br />
## Insights from fall 2020 semester<br />
<br />
Judgment permeates most institutions. How can we find shelter and safety without judgment? Do we need to feel safe first to refrain from applying judgment to other people's actions? Why do we not assume that someone else might have had a good reason for an action, behavior, or statement? Judgment is linked to grading and the nature of hierarchical reviewing. If a professor grades a report, their _legitimate_ judgment permeates the student's perception of their own work. They might even forget why they chose that title, on which their professor commented. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
We are only free in our minds. Why do we expect students to always report in words? If we allow ourselves to merely discover in our brains, we free ourselves from the constructs and rigidity that language inevitably creates. Why is it not enough to do something? Why do we always need to deliver words for the things we do in the world? I want to be among people that do something. I care less about how they write about what they do. Considering the dualistic ("one or the other") nature of many of our words, it seems obvious that it must be hard for students to embrace the un-understandableness of the world. Buddhism stays away from dualistic terms (body - soul, mankind - god) because it understands the totality of things and interconnectedness that leads to a complexity that goes beyond defined boundaries and black-and-white thinking.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
How can we give education meaning that goes beyond semester-long hands-on projects?<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
We only take a break when we're sick. As soon as we're sick the door opens to relax. Why do we need to have a weekly schedule that continues throughout the entire semester without any divergences? Such a repetitive routine attenuates any enthusiasm for the project work itself as you will have to inevitably face it. It doesn't matter whether or not you choose to engage with the project; if it's already in your calendar, there is no need to self-initiate engagement with the material. SCOPE was on every Tuesday (8-10AM), every Wednesday (6-7 PM), every Thursday (8-10AM), and every Friday (12-5PM). Good luck connecting with the material outside of your mental obligation zone. The only break from the five-hour Friday meeting was after thanksgiving. It felt as if I had never even been able to imagine what a free Friday was like. Why do we stick to weekly schedules in such a pathological manner? Anything that is not the exact plan is a failure - 14 vacation days per year are a good example.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
Why do we never design for ourselves? Why don't we apply Sustainable design projects to our living spaces? Why do our living spaces not allow for design interaction? Because they’re finished. Do we need unfinished environments that invite us to be modified? In the modern Western house, our environments start empty and are highly controlled. Everything that we add, change, or improve is an active decision that changes the untouched surfaces of our rooms. Every product that we buy to place in our rooms is a _perfectly_ designed solution to a problem. We are in full control. At a farm, in contrast, everything is messy at first, and one needs to make an active effort to bring satisfying structure and beauty into the world. I believe that the latter way of living comes closer to the character of the world we live in. Modern households are deceiving in their perfection and don't invite for engagement.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
We, humans, want things to be frictionless but the reality is that every step and action creates struggle because we’re smart enough to realize and see the mess. Is that the meaning behind Buddhism’s message: “Life is struggle”.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
From AlJazeera news: We need to go back to learning how to function as a society, people being together. Technology is not good or bad or neutral, is it what the intrinsic motivation behind it is. It’s a myth that Data is something we have within us. Its value is created by the interest that companies are allowed to put into it. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
_We create heaven and hell on earth ourselves_ (Buddhism). Christianity has this idea of fate which is counterproductive and creates a disconnect as it doesn’t underline everyone’s responsibility to the work on themselves in order to create the desired state of heaven. Don’t work hard, be critical with yourself. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
This WHMF experience was magical in so many ways, but I'm only slowly starting to understand that this is a lived form of research even though the orthodox definition of _research_ doesn't apply. One could call this _Emancapatory action research_ after Ledwith, 2017[^Ledwith2017]. This brings up a question to myself: how can we look at the spring 2021 semester as participatory/emancipatory action research?<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
An unchecked positive loop will ultimately destroy itself. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
Wait and create an environment where people want to do something. But humans need time to change. Humans need to learn how to learn, how to become a learning society. Encouring reflection, learning, and personal choice. <br />
</br></br><br />
Current science allows us to rule out a range of future as unrealistic. Relatedly, goal setting is rather a psychological than a scientific or technical aspect of project work.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>To be considered challenging, a goal must be relatively difficult but still realistically attainable. If a goal is too easy, then people are not motivated by it (e.g., change a light bulb?). Similarly, a goal that is clearly unrealistic and overly difficult causes people to give up and not even take the first steps toward achievement (e.g., go completely carbon neutral?) (Locke and Latham, 1990). Thus the best goals are specific, realistic, and challenging and can be broken down into specific behavioral steps. This type of goal results in the highest levels of motivation and achievement. Only a few studies have examined goal setting and sustainable behavior. One set of experiments examined<br />
goal setting and energy use.</blockquote>[^Manning2009]<br />
</br><br />
Systems with humans will show :<br />
- limited predictability<br />
- bounded rationality<br />
- limited certainty<br />
- undetermined causality<br />
- evolutionary change (Hjorth 2005[^Hjorth2005])<br />
</br></br><br />
Hidden things control the system, especially where we don't have feedback loops. Where is the mailbox for all those frustrated students to voice their frustrations? Course evaluations are something quite different? Where is the course evaluation for students' experience for the institution, in which they live for four years?<br />
</br></br><br />
Why do engineers not work with wood? Why do they think that they can only do things that go beyond carpentry and woodworking - i.e. working with metals and CNC machines.<br />
</br></br><br />
There are so many meaningful group work insights and learning outcomes that arise from working on simple geometry with people - build a wall frame with timber. Make cuts that are the right size. Plan and build together. When we take group work to a more abstract level, the issue-points of group work also become more abstract, which makes it harder to act upon arising issues. To get to know your own working habits, styles of communication and planning, we don’t need complicated projects. Keep it simple! If it’s even then still tricky, that tells you more than a tricky project that becomes more tricky. <br />
</br></br><br />
“Social innovation is not only a result of a brilliant idea or hard work of an individual. Successful social innovations are achieved through the interplay of “effective demand” (the “pull” factor) and “effective supply” (the “push” factor) (Westley 2010[^Westley2010]). At Olin College, the pull from the students was too low to plan a full-blown immersive education prototype for the spring 2021 semester. In comparison, up to 25 Wellesley College students showed interest to live at WHMF in the spring semester. My underlying assumption is that some Wellesley students believe regenerative agriculture, intentional community, and sustainable living are very much part of their identity as a pro-active inhabitant of this planet. Olin students might hear and consume less of such ideology but ironically believe that engineers will stop climate change. <br />
</br></br><br />
The Design Nature project at the farm should be to design a playground for an animal. Rats, cats, dogs have so much fun on playgrounds.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
## What sciences form the basis for living in a world of dynamic complexities?<br />
<br />
There is no right or wrong<br />
<br />
_Logistics_<br />
<br />
- How do we organize with several groups of three or more?<br />
- Grocery availability; food planning; which leftovers do we have? When will they spoil?<br />
- How to have a collective sense of what our needs are? What is the goal of the day?<br />
- Where are which tools? Will it rain or can we leave them at the worksite?<br />
- Who feels responsible for checking if work sites are covered from rain?<br />
<br />
_Climate/the elements/seasonal change_<br />
<br />
- What is the winter going to be like? Can we predict it? Why does climate change make predicting harder?<br />
- Which plants can I plant right now to take care of my future self? Which beds need to be maintained?<br />
- How does an early sunset affect my life?<br />
<br />
_Indigenous wisdom_<br />
<br />
- How to live in reciprocity?<br />
- Say thank you when you take something, leave gifts<br />
<br />
_Community and mental balance_<br />
<br />
- When should we go to bed?<br />
- How do I maintain healthy relationships and vibes?<br />
- How much work is good for us? How little work is bad for us?<br />
- How to lead a group meeting - organize rituals, celebrations, moments of grounding<br />
- How to address conflict in a productive, non-discussion manner?<br />
<br />
_Ethical self and the world around me_<br />
- How can I contribute to this world to live with each other in harmony?<br />
- What does fulfilling, meaningful work mean?<br />
- Which career paths are actually aligned with my values for others and myself?<br />
- Which work aligns with the mental and ethical standards for myself?<br />
<br />
_Biology_<br />
- How to keep ourselves healthy? What are basic animal needs?<br />
- How does the world around us live? From what?<br />
- What happens to us, the house, the animals when temperature drop below freezing?<br />
<br />
_Study of tools_<br />
<br />
- Operate tools safely and with confidence, build intuition for your own safety: hammers, electric drills, circular saw, rock bar…<br />
- Manage and keep track of tools. <br />
<br />
_Sport theory/anatomy /physical therapy_<br />
<br />
- How do I carry heavy wood without hurting my back? How do throw a rock bar?<br />
- How to chop wood without hurting your back.<br />
- How do I hammer properly without putting to much pressure on my wrist? <br />
- What do I do when my back hurts?<br />
- How to be aware of your own body needs. <br />
<br />
_Mechanical physics_<br />
<br />
- How do four people lift a heavy beam safely?<br />
- When is a structure sturdy (non-computational thinning and analysis)<br />
- Intuition of structure<br />
<br />
_Electrical world_<br />
<br />
- How does electricity flow? Which direction? When is it dangerous? From which side do sparks come and why?<br />
- How do you work with cables? How do you connect electrical devices properly with cables? Cabel labeling, cable harness<br />
- How do you keep an electrical working space clean and safe?<br />
- Simple electronics: connect batteries in series/parallel, <br />
<br />
- Coding, Laptop work, CADing<br />
- Arduino programming<br />
- Website HTML coding for communication with other people<br />
- CAD 3D structure for FAE analysis<br />
- Photoshop, make stickers, design signs for people<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
## Vocabulary<br />
<br />
- _amelioration_ - the act of making something better; improvement.<br />
- _paradigm_ - a typical example or pattern of something; a model. __or__ a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles.<br />
- _heterodox_ - not conforming with accepted or orthodox standards or beliefs.<br />
- _counterintuitive_<br />
- _panacea_<br />
- _expenditures & depreciation_<br />
- _leverage point_ or _bandaid_ in Odalys's words<br />
- _panarchy_ a term to describe a concept that explains the evolving nature of complex adaptive systems. P. is the hierarchical structure in which systems of nature (forests, grasslands), and humans (structures of governance, settlements, and cultures), as well as combines human-nature systems (agencies that control natural resources) and social-ecological systems are interlinked in never-ending adaptive cycles of growth, accumulation, restructuring, and renewal. - <br />
(from pan- and -archy), coined by Paul Émile de Puydt in 1860, is a form of governance that would encompass all others.<br />
- autopoiesis (from Greek αὐτo- (auto-) 'self', and ποίησις (poiesis) 'creation, production') refers to a system capable of reproducing and maintaining itself by creating its own parts and eventually further components.<br />
- Collective intelligence - Collective intelligence (CI) is shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making.<br />
- Tektology is a term used by Alexander Bogdanov to describe a discipline that consisted of unifying all social, biological and physical sciences by considering them as systems of relationships and by seeking the organizational principles that underlie all systems.<br />
- teleological - relating to or involving the explanation of phenomena in terms of the purpose they serve rather than of the cause by which they arise.<br />
- Vitalism is the belief that "living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things<br />
- vitalist-teleological - in the 1950s competing view to a mechanistic-causal philosophy around life/systems<br />
- pantheism - a doctrine which identifies God with the universe, or regards the universe as a manifestation of God<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^Scharmer2013]:Scharmer, C. O., & Kaufer, K. (2013). Leading from the emerging future: From ego-system to eco-system economies. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.<br />
<br />
[^Ledwith2017]:Ledwith, M. (2017). Emancipatory action research as a critical living praxis: From dominant narratives to counternarrative. In The Palgrave international handbook of action research (pp. 49-62). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.<br />
<br />
[^Hjorth2005]:Hjorth, P., & Bagheri, A. (2006). Navigating towards sustainable development: A system dynamics approach. Futures, 38(1), 74-92.<br />
<br />
[^Manning2009]:Manning, C. (2009). The psychology of sustainable behavior: Tips for empowering people to take environmentally positive action. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.<br />
<br />
[^Westley2010]:Westley, F., & Antadze, N. (2010). Making a difference: Strategies for scaling social innovation for greater impact. Innovation Journal, 15(2).<br />
<br />
[^Holling2001]:Holling, C. S. (2001). Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological, and social systems. Ecosystems, 4(5), 390-405.<br />
<br />
[^stroke-of-insight]: Jill Bolte Taylor: My stroke of insight | TED Talk. (n.d.). . Retrieved February 18, 2021, from https://www.ted.com/talks/jill_bolte_taylor_my_stroke_of_insight?language=en<br />
<br />
[^epis-oxford]: Oxford Languages and Google - English | Oxford Languages</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Ideas_for_the_next_round&diff=575Ideas for the next round2021-04-15T19:07:21Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>This is a collection of insights from the Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 semesters. <br />
<br />
## Personal equipment<br />
<br />
I (Leon) observed that many students didn't have useful things on their body. I believe that every person should have their own personal:<br />
<br />
- work gloves <br />
- head lamp<br />
- multi tool with knife <br />
- notebook and pen<br />
<br />
It's sometimes hard to imagine for what one would need a multi tool or work gloves because we have a tool shed, and tools and equipment are all over the place. A multi tool, for instance, is only useful if you carry it around because there will always be a moment when you don't want to walk back to the house but simply need to twist a nut with pliers or cut a zip tie. <br />
<br />
## Onboarding<br />
<br />
- go through every part of the house together, show where every spice in the kitchen is, every tool, every pot. Show how compost and humanure is being done. Super detailed!!!<br />
- show logins for this farm wiki, how it works, what it is useful for. <br />
<br />
## Project organization<br />
<br />
- have checklists for large projects that are made upfront (e.g. for building walls, two nails every 12 inches)<br />
<br />
## Logistics around money <br />
<br />
- have a folder and place for all receipts <br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
- have (buy!!) at least one drill and one impact drill, same brand, one set of batteries for them. This should probably be Dewalt brand so we can expand with the same good battery system and other devices.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Ideas_for_the_next_round&diff=574Ideas for the next round2021-04-15T19:03:22Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>This is a collection of insights from the Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 semesters. <br />
<br />
## Personal equipment<br />
<br />
I (Leon) observed that many students didn't have useful things on their body. I believe that every person should have their own personal:<br />
<br />
- work gloves <br />
- head lamp<br />
- multi tool with knife <br />
- notebook and pen<br />
<br />
## Onboarding<br />
<br />
- go through every part of the house together, show where every spice in the kitchen is, every tool, every pot. Show how compost and humanure is being done. Super detailed!!!<br />
- show logins for this farm wiki, how it works, what it is useful for. <br />
<br />
## Project organization<br />
<br />
- have checklists for large projects that are made upfront (e.g. for building walls, two nails every 12 inches)<br />
<br />
## Logistics around money <br />
<br />
- have a folder and place for all receipts <br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
- have (buy!!) at least one drill and one impact drill, same brand, one set of batteries for them. This should probably be Dewalt brand so we can expand with the same good battery system and other devices.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-tilt_mechanism_research&diff=573Pan-tilt mechanism research2021-04-15T05:11:00Z<p>Lsanten: /* Linear actuation - potential design one */</p>
<hr />
<div>The individual solar panels have an aspect ratio of 1:2 (62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches).<br />
<br />
There is a large variety of solar panel pan-tilt mechanisms. Here you can find a [general overview of various solar panel tracker ideas](https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/are-solar-axis-trackers-worth-the-additional-investment). </br>[SunWize](https://www.sunwize.com/application-item/solar-panel-mounts/) has a large number of solar panel connectors and brackets. [Solar Electric](https://www.solar-electric.com/residential/panel-mounts-trackers/pole-mounts.html) has pole mounts.<br />
<br />
## Linear actuation - potential design one<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [ECO-worthy linear actuator controller](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00JYAIS9W/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_fabc_PGWD9GZZN7953B59Y202?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1)<br />
<br />
This design does not have a rotational mechanism, but two linear actuators and three hinges. The hinges permit it to tilt in different directions, simulating a rotation. <br />
<br />
[[File:ECO-worthy_mechanism_breakdown.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Linear_actuator_motion.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Actuatordesign_materials.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros:<br />
<br />
- Linear actuators can resist change in motion i.e. when you power them to a certain position, they will stay there and not consume extra power. <br />
- Linear actuators are somewhat cheap <br />
- All materials for this design can be bought locally, like Lowe's <br />
- Existing template for this design exists. Maximum load with their actuator and trigonometry is 330 lbs, which is more than enough to carry five solar panels. (We don't have to calculate torque)<br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- Linear actuators don't have encoders, so we would need to attach a position sensor or accelerometer to the motor.<br />
<br />
Same linear actuators can be found on Banggood [Linear actuators](https://usa.banggood.com/1500N-12V-4681012-inch-Linear-Actuator-Adjustable-Actuator-Tor-Opener-Linear-Actuator-Motor-p-1115476.html?cur_warehouse=CN&ID=566086&rmmds=search)<br />
<br />
## Rotational actuation - Potential Design Two<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [Simplified Solar Panel Pan-Tilt](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:53321)<br />
<br />
This design is cute and can be completed as a benchtop experiment. We would calculate the torque to rotate our mass, and then we would program servo rotation with an Arduino. We would need someone to 3-D print the gears and send them to us. <br />
<br />
To tilt the solar panels during the day, we could mount them to a rod and rotate the rod, similar to [this mount](https://www.ecodirect.com/Tamarack-Solar-UNI-PGRM-5P1-Top-of-Pole-Mount-p/tamarack-uni-pgrm-5p1.htm?gclid=Cj0KCQjw8fr7BRDSARIsAK0Qqr4xHvMvIqFGFAXQsrLIevLGQ5ZELeIHdAVhUrD0vjdXkz8LiQ_oPp0aAuqpEALw_wcB).<br />
<br />
[[File:Simplified_Pan-Tilt.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros and possibly also cons:<br />
<br />
- We can play around with gear ratios and design to have a super precise movement<br />
- We have to find motors<br />
- It would be a massive mechanical display <br />
- We can use encoders, which would make programming easier in the long run. <br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- It might require sourcing someone for CNC or lathe use<br />
- We don't know what issues we might run into scaling up such a design<br />
<br />
## Wind drag on solar panel plate <br />
<br />
The calculation below considers the strongest hurricane wind conditions of around 18 m/s (~40 mph) in North Carolina. We calculated a maximum force of 7835 N (1761.378 lb) on the five solar panels. <br />
<br />
[[File:Dragforceonsolarpanels_1.jpg|border|thumb|drag force on five solar panels at varying angles approximated]]<br />
<br />
F = 1/2 * p * v^2 * A * 2pi * sin(alpha); (p - density of air, v - wind speed, 2pi sin(a) - drag coefficient); density of 10 celsius air - 1.246 kg/m^3; <br><br />
solar panel dimension - 62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches - 1.58m x 0.8m x 0.0355; area = 1.264 m^2<br><br />
__Lift on all five panels__: F = 0.5 * 1.246 kg/m^3 * (17.8 m/s)^2 * 1.264 m^2 * 5 * 2pi * sin(a) <= __7835 N__<br />
<br />
<br />
## Encoding a Linear Actuator <br />
<br />
There are a couple of ways to attach an encoder to the mount to track actuator position.<br />
<br />
## Hinges<br />
<br />
https://gatehardwarecenter.com/store/d-d-shut-it-bolt-on-baby-badass-hinge-ci3750.html?gclid=CjwKCAjwgZuDBhBTEiwAXNofRIb2o4CEUGVr_-UUNzYSLvvhYg-rvnCTHGrK9NKjKWzOGlotoMQ9GRoCb3gQAvD_BwE<br />
<br />
## Rotary Encoders<br />
<br />
### Single Turn Absolute<br />
https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Bourns/AMS22B5A1BHASL334N?qs=kt0%2FcWl7YWfoez7BV%252BGENA%3D%3D&mgh=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw6qqDBhB-EiwACBs6xzts0adWZ6byjvQkTijiDdVFMMXgs5_Tj4s-2xY4Qmdl2MXhLuwLaxoC9RAQAvD_BwE<br />
<br />
https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Bourns/AMS22U5A1BHBRL334?qs=Zq5ylnUbLm5JcZY%2FrTiIlQ%3D%3D<br />
<br />
### IP 56 or higher<br />
<br />
SPI: https://p3america.com/ercf-1-05spi-360-z/<br />
<br />
Voltage output: https://p3america.com/ercf-1-0505-360-z/<br />
<br />
## Sun angle calculation<br />
<br />
[Paper on sun angles](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283051726_A_comprehensive_solar_angles_simulation_and_calculation_using_Matlab)<br />
[matlab function for angles](https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/mlc-downloads/downloads/submissions/5430/versions/1/previews/sun_position.m/index.html)<br />
<br />
<br />
## Galvanic corrosion <br />
<br />
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/66501/ok-to-separate-steel-from-aluminum-with-bronze-galvanic-action<br />
<br />
https://www.decc.com/coating/corrosion-protection/<br />
<br />
https://www.decc.com/recent-articles/xylan-coatings-high-performance-fluoropolymers-for-function-in-extreme-conditions/<br />
<br />
<br />
https://www.indconsupply.com/steel-it-polyurethane-aerosol-black-14oz-1012b.php?gclid=Cj0KCQjwpdqDBhCSARIsAEUJ0hMrgv_CpTaCRKWdalQlww-dn9rOYg4s44rqlBg6lgPckqAKDthed5waAvymEALw_wcB</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Notes_-_Dynamic_Complexity_and_Resilience_Thesis/ISR-G&diff=572Notes - Dynamic Complexity and Resilience Thesis/ISR-G2021-04-14T20:46:33Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>by Leon Santen<br />
<br />
_These are notes for my thesis and independent study with Linda Vanasupa._<br />
<br />
Preliminary title: __Creating collective resilience, empowerment, and social innovation in higher education through immersive, community-based learning experiences and an integrated understanding of all the sciences__<br />
<br />
_Abstract_<br />
<blockquote>Modern science has reached a paradoxical position, in which the international community has acquired overwhelming amounts of knowledge by the means of ever-increasing specialization. However, those insights, oftentimes separated by discipline, leave us with little understanding to fight our current time’s structural disconnects (Scharmer 2013). We argue that life in the 21st century is one of dynamic complexity that asks for non-linear and organic thinking to engage in sustainable and effective problem-solving efforts, often called sustainable development (Holling 2001). At Olin College of Engineering, the disruption caused by the 2020 pandemic created a moment of campus-wide reflection that lead to an independently organized micro-campus of 15 students at a family-owned off-grid permaculture farm in North Carolina. This social enterprise showed a need for an integrated understanding of science and served as evidence that immersion into nature, sustainable living, and an intentional community can lead to a better understanding of our ecosystems and social-ecological systems. We see an opportunity in higher education to leverage our collective ability to create change and initiate social innovation by teaching an integrated, transdisciplinary understanding of science and opening up spaces and time for students to act upon emerging opportunities to contribute to and scale-up social innovation.</blockquote>[^Scharmer2013]<sup>,</sup>[^Holling2001]<br />
<br />
For more thoughts and the introduction, please follow this link to the [[Thesis outline - resilience and dynamic complexity]].<br />
<br />
# Notes<br />
<br />
##Apr 16th 2021<br />
The nature of a field doesn’t last - it’s always changing<br />
Social field are vibratory - energy field <br />
<br />
<br />
Kurt lewin - group dynamics <br />
<br />
<br />
Diversity - different states of being<br />
<br />
<br />
A holistic science would be itself be holistic in learning it - all you need to Do, take the principles of DC - <br />
<br />
Patterns that education has are commensurate with the phenomena <br />
<br />
openness in learning (emphasizing questions not assertions)<br />
<br />
<br />
DC - recursion , attention to relationships<br />
<br />
# The shift in our ontological understanding of nature<br />
<br />
Coming from a century mainly driven by insights from the reductionist sciences and specialized disciplines, the western sciences look at the world around us (nature) by analyzing small pieces of the larger system. As in every reproducing organism, the increasing specialization in the natural sciences (e.g. subject specialization in master's degrees) is a reflection of the internal reductionist characteristic in the various disciplines. Therefore, we perceive nature as set of objects with different properties that can be analyzed, manipulated, and predicted. The relationship between different objects has only lately come into our focus. When we look at the relationships among the world around us, we observe that nature is an interconnected web, which does not prevail linear characteristics. Our science education from high school (chemistry, physics, mathematics) fails to give us an intuition for the complexity and characteristic of the interplay in nature. This issue brings up the following question:<br />
<br />
What essential scientific understanding is needed for a technologist in a world that is fundamentally dynamically complex?<br />
<br />
A _new_ science of holism is needed to convey an understanding of the world around us and all its layers; the natural, social, and critical epistemological realms. As this ontological shift is slowly taking place, we attempt to provide appropriate models, methods, language for phenomena, and threshold understandings that account for a dynamically complex world. <br />
<br />
The following categories attempt to embrace and suggest the emerging shape of a holistic epistemology. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion [^epis-oxford]. A new science that sees the interconnectedness of nature will therefore change our belief of what nature is (compared to the reducinist sciences).<br />
<br />
## 1. Models for a holistic world<br />
Insights/concepts that inform a holistic epistemology: structure conditions behavior, emergence as a phenomenon, fractals or emergence on different scales, the role of fields (disciplines), self-organization<br />
<br />
## 2. Methods of study that respect the nature of reality<br />
The _scientific method_ does not seem to be sufficient to account for learning on the way, drastically slowing down the discovery process. Furthermore, the researcher should be immersed in the study space. <br />
<br />
Emancipatory action research as an example for a research method that recognizes the nature of reality. <br />
<br />
## 3. Language for natural phenomena<br />
A _new_ approach to science requires a collective, shared understanding of natural phenomena. We need concepts to share and describe phenomena emerging in reality. Fields of study that offer such language are _systems thinking_, _concepts for dynamically complex systems_, _indigenous knowledge_ that perceives the world through a holistic lense.<br />
<br />
## 4. Threshold understandings of our current disciplines<br />
Some of these understandings arose from the reducinist sciences and should be understood inside the shift toward a holistic epistemology. <br />
<br />
### Biology <br />
<br />
- Autopoiesis as an example of reproduction of the internal characteristics, parts in a cell are only alive when in symbiosis with others. <br />
- The way we think about the world is not how we perceive the world with our senses. Our left half of the brain overwrites the sensory input and perception from our right side of the brain [^stroke-of-insight]. <br />
- the line between animate and inanimate is blurry. This is not a surprise considering how vital to life inanimate matter is. <br />
<br />
### Physics <br />
<br />
- energy fields <br />
<br />
## 5. Questions and knots to untangle for a change<br />
<br />
How can we transform the scientific landscape into a trans-disciplinary, co-creative project?</br><br />
What kind of internet interface do we need to support co-creation with transparency, dialectic, peer-assement, and accessibility?</br><br />
How can we transform educational institutions into places that create communities and drive social innovation beyond the 4-year enrollment? <br />
<br />
<br />
# Recommendations for higher Ed institutions <br />
<br />
- create a valid and accessible feedback loop. For instance, keep a keyboard and mail box in the dining hall where students can input any form of feedback. Make it visible to students. <br />
<br />
- transparency: publish all the money flows within and outward from the institution. The system can only be aware of itself when it can see itself.<br />
<br />
- allow a platform for political dialogue to fight the consensus that politics and policies are far away from us. <br />
<br />
- allow a collective co-creative project. Imagine an Olin Wikipedia where all insights from courses and research are saved. You have any question about a project or where to find something on campus? You know where to search! Anyone can add and edit. <br />
<br />
# Living and co-creating in community<br />
<br />
Our collective power lies in creativity. If we are meaningfully bonded through a collective aspiration and purpose, we can create long-lasting change and social innovation. Below are insights from the experimental Olin semester at Woodland Harvest Mountain farm and tips for a successful experience for students and mentors. <br />
<br />
## collective vision and approaches for communal co-creation<br />
<br />
It seems to be crucial to uniting a group with a collective vision, goal, and purpose. If expectations are aligned, a satisfying group experience is much easier to achieve. <br />
<br />
## Insights from fall 2020 semester<br />
<br />
Judgment permeates most institutions. How can we find shelter and safety without judgment? Do we need to feel safe first to refrain from applying judgment to other people's actions? Why do we not assume that someone else might have had a good reason for an action, behavior, or statement? Judgment is linked to grading and the nature of hierarchical reviewing. If a professor grades a report, their _legitimate_ judgment permeates the student's perception of their own work. They might even forget why they chose that title, on which their professor commented. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
We are only free in our minds. Why do we expect students to always report in words? If we allow ourselves to merely discover in our brains, we free ourselves from the constructs and rigidity that language inevitably creates. Why is it not enough to do something? Why do we always need to deliver words for the things we do in the world? I want to be among people that do something. I care less about how they write about what they do. Considering the dualistic ("one or the other") nature of many of our words, it seems obvious that it must be hard for students to embrace the un-understandableness of the world. Buddhism stays away from dualistic terms (body - soul, mankind - god) because it understands the totality of things and interconnectedness that leads to a complexity that goes beyond defined boundaries and black-and-white thinking.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
How can we give education meaning that goes beyond semester-long hands-on projects?<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
We only take a break when we're sick. As soon as we're sick the door opens to relax. Why do we need to have a weekly schedule that continues throughout the entire semester without any divergences? Such a repetitive routine attenuates any enthusiasm for the project work itself as you will have to inevitably face it. It doesn't matter whether or not you choose to engage with the project; if it's already in your calendar, there is no need to self-initiate engagement with the material. SCOPE was on every Tuesday (8-10AM), every Wednesday (6-7 PM), every Thursday (8-10AM), and every Friday (12-5PM). Good luck connecting with the material outside of your mental obligation zone. The only break from the five-hour Friday meeting was after thanksgiving. It felt as if I had never even been able to imagine what a free Friday was like. Why do we stick to weekly schedules in such a pathological manner? Anything that is not the exact plan is a failure - 14 vacation days per year are a good example.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
Why do we never design for ourselves? Why don't we apply Sustainable design projects to our living spaces? Why do our living spaces not allow for design interaction? Because they’re finished. Do we need unfinished environments that invite us to be modified? In the modern Western house, our environments start empty and are highly controlled. Everything that we add, change, or improve is an active decision that changes the untouched surfaces of our rooms. Every product that we buy to place in our rooms is a _perfectly_ designed solution to a problem. We are in full control. At a farm, in contrast, everything is messy at first, and one needs to make an active effort to bring satisfying structure and beauty into the world. I believe that the latter way of living comes closer to the character of the world we live in. Modern households are deceiving in their perfection and don't invite for engagement.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
We, humans, want things to be frictionless but the reality is that every step and action creates struggle because we’re smart enough to realize and see the mess. Is that the meaning behind Buddhism’s message: “Life is struggle”.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
From AlJazeera news: We need to go back to learning how to function as a society, people being together. Technology is not good or bad or neutral, is it what the intrinsic motivation behind it is. It’s a myth that Data is something we have within us. Its value is created by the interest that companies are allowed to put into it. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
_We create heaven and hell on earth ourselves_ (Buddhism). Christianity has this idea of fate which is counterproductive and creates a disconnect as it doesn’t underline everyone’s responsibility to the work on themselves in order to create the desired state of heaven. Don’t work hard, be critical with yourself. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
This WHMF experience was magical in so many ways, but I'm only slowly starting to understand that this is a lived form of research even though the orthodox definition of _research_ doesn't apply. One could call this _Emancapatory action research_ after Ledwith, 2017[^Ledwith2017]. This brings up a question to myself: how can we look at the spring 2021 semester as participatory/emancipatory action research?<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
An unchecked positive loop will ultimately destroy itself. <br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
Wait and create an environment where people want to do something. But humans need time to change. Humans need to learn how to learn, how to become a learning society. Encouring reflection, learning, and personal choice. <br />
</br></br><br />
Current science allows us to rule out a range of future as unrealistic. Relatedly, goal setting is rather a psychological than a scientific or technical aspect of project work.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>To be considered challenging, a goal must be relatively difficult but still realistically attainable. If a goal is too easy, then people are not motivated by it (e.g., change a light bulb?). Similarly, a goal that is clearly unrealistic and overly difficult causes people to give up and not even take the first steps toward achievement (e.g., go completely carbon neutral?) (Locke and Latham, 1990). Thus the best goals are specific, realistic, and challenging and can be broken down into specific behavioral steps. This type of goal results in the highest levels of motivation and achievement. Only a few studies have examined goal setting and sustainable behavior. One set of experiments examined<br />
goal setting and energy use.</blockquote>[^Manning2009]<br />
</br><br />
Systems with humans will show :<br />
- limited predictability<br />
- bounded rationality<br />
- limited certainty<br />
- undetermined causality<br />
- evolutionary change (Hjorth 2005[^Hjorth2005])<br />
</br></br><br />
Hidden things control the system, especially where we don't have feedback loops. Where is the mailbox for all those frustrated students to voice their frustrations? Course evaluations are something quite different? Where is the course evaluation for students' experience for the institution, in which they live for four years?<br />
</br></br><br />
Why do engineers not work with wood? Why do they think that they can only do things that go beyond carpentry and woodworking - i.e. working with metals and CNC machines.<br />
</br></br><br />
There are so many meaningful group work insights and learning outcomes that arise from working on simple geometry with people - build a wall frame with timber. Make cuts that are the right size. Plan and build together. When we take group work to a more abstract level, the issue-points of group work also become more abstract, which makes it harder to act upon arising issues. To get to know your own working habits, styles of communication and planning, we don’t need complicated projects. Keep it simple! If it’s even then still tricky, that tells you more than a tricky project that becomes more tricky. <br />
</br></br><br />
“Social innovation is not only a result of a brilliant idea or hard work of an individual. Successful social innovations are achieved through the interplay of “effective demand” (the “pull” factor) and “effective supply” (the “push” factor) (Westley 2010[^Westley2010]). At Olin College, the pull from the students was too low to plan a full-blown immersive education prototype for the spring 2021 semester. In comparison, up to 25 Wellesley College students showed interest to live at WHMF in the spring semester. My underlying assumption is that some Wellesley students believe regenerative agriculture, intentional community, and sustainable living are very much part of their identity as a pro-active inhabitant of this planet. Olin students might hear and consume less of such ideology but ironically believe that engineers will stop climate change. <br />
</br></br><br />
The Design Nature project at the farm should be to design a playground for an animal. Rats, cats, dogs have so much fun on playgrounds.<br />
</br></br><br />
<br />
## What sciences form the basis for living in a world of dynamic complexities?<br />
<br />
There is no right or wrong<br />
<br />
_Logistics_<br />
<br />
- How do we organize with several groups of three or more?<br />
- Grocery availability; food planning; which leftovers do we have? When will they spoil?<br />
- How to have a collective sense of what our needs are? What is the goal of the day?<br />
- Where are which tools? Will it rain or can we leave them at the worksite?<br />
- Who feels responsible for checking if work sites are covered from rain?<br />
<br />
_Climate/the elements/seasonal change_<br />
<br />
- What is the winter going to be like? Can we predict it? Why does climate change make predicting harder?<br />
- Which plants can I plant right now to take care of my future self? Which beds need to be maintained?<br />
- How does an early sunset affect my life?<br />
<br />
_Indigenous wisdom_<br />
<br />
- How to live in reciprocity?<br />
- Say thank you when you take something, leave gifts<br />
<br />
_Community and mental balance_<br />
<br />
- When should we go to bed?<br />
- How do I maintain healthy relationships and vibes?<br />
- How much work is good for us? How little work is bad for us?<br />
- How to lead a group meeting - organize rituals, celebrations, moments of grounding<br />
- How to address conflict in a productive, non-discussion manner?<br />
<br />
_Ethical self and the world around me_<br />
- How can I contribute to this world to live with each other in harmony?<br />
- What does fulfilling, meaningful work mean?<br />
- Which career paths are actually aligned with my values for others and myself?<br />
- Which work aligns with the mental and ethical standards for myself?<br />
<br />
_Biology_<br />
- How to keep ourselves healthy? What are basic animal needs?<br />
- How does the world around us live? From what?<br />
- What happens to us, the house, the animals when temperature drop below freezing?<br />
<br />
_Study of tools_<br />
<br />
- Operate tools safely and with confidence, build intuition for your own safety: hammers, electric drills, circular saw, rock bar…<br />
- Manage and keep track of tools. <br />
<br />
_Sport theory/anatomy /physical therapy_<br />
<br />
- How do I carry heavy wood without hurting my back? How do throw a rock bar?<br />
- How to chop wood without hurting your back.<br />
- How do I hammer properly without putting to much pressure on my wrist? <br />
- What do I do when my back hurts?<br />
- How to be aware of your own body needs. <br />
<br />
_Mechanical physics_<br />
<br />
- How do four people lift a heavy beam safely?<br />
- When is a structure sturdy (non-computational thinning and analysis)<br />
- Intuition of structure<br />
<br />
_Electrical world_<br />
<br />
- How does electricity flow? Which direction? When is it dangerous? From which side do sparks come and why?<br />
- How do you work with cables? How do you connect electrical devices properly with cables? Cabel labeling, cable harness<br />
- How do you keep an electrical working space clean and safe?<br />
- Simple electronics: connect batteries in series/parallel, <br />
<br />
- Coding, Laptop work, CADing<br />
- Arduino programming<br />
- Website HTML coding for communication with other people<br />
- CAD 3D structure for FAE analysis<br />
- Photoshop, make stickers, design signs for people<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
## Vocabulary<br />
<br />
- _amelioration_ - the act of making something better; improvement.<br />
- _paradigm_ - a typical example or pattern of something; a model. __or__ a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles.<br />
- _heterodox_ - not conforming with accepted or orthodox standards or beliefs.<br />
- _counterintuitive_<br />
- _panacea_<br />
- _expenditures & depreciation_<br />
- _leverage point_ or _bandaid_ in Odalys's words<br />
- _panarchy_ a term to describe a concept that explains the evolving nature of complex adaptive systems. P. is the hierarchical structure in which systems of nature (forests, grasslands), and humans (structures of governance, settlements, and cultures), as well as combines human-nature systems (agencies that control natural resources) and social-ecological systems are interlinked in never-ending adaptive cycles of growth, accumulation, restructuring, and renewal. - <br />
(from pan- and -archy), coined by Paul Émile de Puydt in 1860, is a form of governance that would encompass all others.<br />
- autopoiesis (from Greek αὐτo- (auto-) 'self', and ποίησις (poiesis) 'creation, production') refers to a system capable of reproducing and maintaining itself by creating its own parts and eventually further components.<br />
- Collective intelligence - Collective intelligence (CI) is shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making.<br />
- Tektology is a term used by Alexander Bogdanov to describe a discipline that consisted of unifying all social, biological and physical sciences by considering them as systems of relationships and by seeking the organizational principles that underlie all systems.<br />
- teleological - relating to or involving the explanation of phenomena in terms of the purpose they serve rather than of the cause by which they arise.<br />
- Vitalism is the belief that "living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things<br />
- vitalist-teleological - in the 1950s competing view to a mechanistic-causal philosophy around life/systems<br />
- pantheism - a doctrine which identifies God with the universe, or regards the universe as a manifestation of God<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^Scharmer2013]:Scharmer, C. O., & Kaufer, K. (2013). Leading from the emerging future: From ego-system to eco-system economies. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.<br />
<br />
[^Ledwith2017]:Ledwith, M. (2017). Emancipatory action research as a critical living praxis: From dominant narratives to counternarrative. In The Palgrave international handbook of action research (pp. 49-62). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.<br />
<br />
[^Hjorth2005]:Hjorth, P., & Bagheri, A. (2006). Navigating towards sustainable development: A system dynamics approach. Futures, 38(1), 74-92.<br />
<br />
[^Manning2009]:Manning, C. (2009). The psychology of sustainable behavior: Tips for empowering people to take environmentally positive action. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.<br />
<br />
[^Westley2010]:Westley, F., & Antadze, N. (2010). Making a difference: Strategies for scaling social innovation for greater impact. Innovation Journal, 15(2).<br />
<br />
[^Holling2001]:Holling, C. S. (2001). Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological, and social systems. Ecosystems, 4(5), 390-405.<br />
<br />
[^stroke-of-insight]: Jill Bolte Taylor: My stroke of insight | TED Talk. (n.d.). . Retrieved February 18, 2021, from https://www.ted.com/talks/jill_bolte_taylor_my_stroke_of_insight?language=en<br />
<br />
[^epis-oxford]: Oxford Languages and Google - English | Oxford Languages</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Electrical_Control_Unit&diff=571Electrical Control Unit2021-04-13T16:12:41Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The electrical control unit is a wireless communication system that monitors the battery voltage and broadcasts other information. Please refer to the [GitHub Repository "WoodlandHarvestControlSystem"](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem) for the code for all Arduinos. The over-the-air communication works on the LoRa system at 915 Mhz.</br><br />
<br />
If you feel lost regarding working with any sensors or boards used in the system, check Useful Guides section at the bottom of this page.</br><br />
__Feel free to change the code on the Arduinos and platforms. Visitors and students can get editing access to the repository from Leon Santen or Odalys Benitez.__<br />
<br />
#LoRa Network<br />
<br />
On the Arduinos that are integrated into the system, we use the [Dragino LoRa shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield). In the image below, you can see how the pins on the Dragino LoRa shield are assigned. This is useful as not all pins on the shield are useable. This is especially important on Arduino Unos that don't have as many pins as the Arduino Megas.</br><br />
[[File:Lora board.JPG|500px]]</br><br />
_The Dragino LoRa shield. Blue-boxed pins are not used by the shield and are free to be used._<br />
<br />
## Nodes<br />
<br />
The following nodes are curently in use:<br />
<br />
### master-arduino<br />
<br />
The master Arduino measures the battery voltage with the [Adafruit INA260](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4226?gclid=Cj0KCQiA4feBBhC9ARIsABp_nbUfI0ajLIOyZSA2bku_JZfo73gYy_W1wFGoZthBykCbWl1sPe3xmiYaAnboEALw_wcB) and broadcasts information wirelessly to the other Arduinos. The wireless system uses the [[LoRa research|LoRa protocol]] to communicate at 915 Mhz. For detailed information on what LoRa is and how it works, please refer to the [[LoRa research]] page. The diagram for states and communication codes is on [Whimsical](https://whimsical.com/rf-states-and-communication-codes-TEZgio2TPLtG5tm47541Hq). The prior link redirects you to the diagram.<br />
<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Sense and broadcast battery voltage<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- _float_ of battery voltage <br />
<br />
### client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
[[File:GlowingBucket.jpeg|250px]]</br><br />
_The glowing crystal indicates the batterie's charge status._<br />
</br><br />
<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Receive battery voltage and change colors to indicate battery status<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- NA<br />
<br />
#### Color legend<br />
<br />
- >= 27 V | Violet<br />
- between 25 and 27 V | __Green__<br />
- between 24.3 and 25 V | __Orange__<br />
- < 24.3 V | __Red__<br />
<br />
<br />
# Repository sections - coding comments<br />
<br />
_In this section, code-specific comments and tips can be written down for future collaboration if comments in the code don't feel appropriate._<br />
<br />
## master-arduino<br />
<br />
## client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
This unit receives the battery voltage from the master Arduino in the mudroom. Based on the voltage, the LED crystal shines in different colors.<br />
<br />
## anemometer<br />
<br />
We are using a Vortex wind sensor. One revolution per second equals 2.5 mph. Since our anemometer has a relay (a mechanical switch), it creates a _switch bounce_. Therefore, we need a debounce circuit.</br><br />
[[File:WindSpeed Porch Oct14.jpg|500px]]<br />
<br />
_A bug with the current code seems to be related to saving the dateTime string. The dateTime string is saved incorrectly when there should be a trailing 0 in front of the minute reading. I believe that the current code does not include an additional 0 to save minute readings below 10._<br />
<br />
# Opportunities to improve the system<br />
<br />
- We are currently supplying power to the Arduinos via USB. If we use efficient Buck converters from the batteries to the Arduinos, we might save some electricity.<br />
- install a gateway for a LoRa WAN network<br />
<br />
# Helpful tools and guides<br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
The [falstad online circuit simulator](https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html) is great to quickly test a circuit, check its output voltage or behavior.<br />
<br />
## Guides and tips<br />
<br />
__Real Time Clock Setup for SD3231__<br />
<br />
[Tutorial on arduino.com](https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/MisterBotBreak/how-to-use-a-real-time-clock-module-ds3231-bc90fe)<br />
<br />
[Download DS3231 library on GitHub](https://github.com/rodan/ds3231)<br />
<br />
__Data logging on SD-card__<br />
<br />
this [randomnerdtutorial.com](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-to-sd-card-module-with-arduino/) leads you through SD-card usage with an arduino.<br />
<br />
__Wireless communication with NRF24L01__<br />
<br />
We have [long-run antennas](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B06WLH4ZG6/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_image_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1) for wireless communication ([NRF24L01 Tutorial](https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-wireless-communication-nrf24l01-tutorial/)).</br><br />
You should solder a 10uf electrolytic capacitor between the power leads.<br />
<br />
How to connect several [SPI devices to Arduino](http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Multiple-SPI-devices-to-an-arduino-microcontroller.php).<br />
<br />
__Non-invasive AC Current Sensor ANSANE SCT-013-030__<br />
<br />
Outputs approximately 1 V for every 30 A.<br />
<br />
__LoRa Overview on Digikey__<br />
<br />
https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
__Voltage measuring with voltage divider circuit__<br />
<br />
For precise voltage measurements, it is recommended to use `(analogRead(pin) + 0.5) * 5.0 / 1024.0` [^preciseVoltage].<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^preciseVoltage]: http://www.skillbank.co.uk/arduino/measure.htm#:~:text=Precise%20voltage%20measurement%20with%20the,number%20between%200%20and%201023.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=LoRa_research&diff=570LoRa research2021-04-13T16:12:38Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>LoRa technology was developed by a company called Semtech and it is a new wireless protocol designed specifically for long-range, low-power communications. LoRa stands for Long Range Radio and is mainly targeted for M2M and IoT (internet of things) networks [^digikey-lora]. In the US, LoRa communication works on 915 Mhz, which is a license free spectrum. <br />
<br />
For different types of Arduino, we can use a long-range transceiver LoRa shield called the [Dragino shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield)[^dragino-lora].<br />
<br />
## LoRa<br />
For a large amount of differently placed sensors and devices, it is recommended to set up a LoRaWAN network. However, if you seek to establish simple device-to-device communication for a separate system, LoRa with the RadioHead library works great.<br />
<br />
The RadioHead library from [www.airspayce.com](http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/arduino/RadioHead/) works for communication between two devices, a server and a client. If you want to install the RadioHead library, click on the link with the ending _.zip_ on the previously mentioned website.</br><br />
Then, add the library to your Arduino IDE. Once added, you can open the example file under examples --> radiohead --> rf95 --> client or server</br> <br />
In the (example) sketch, make sure to assign LED to something other than 9. If set to 9, the restart of the LoRa board will be triggered.<br />
<br />
## LoRa WAN<br />
[[File:LoRaWANSystemDiagram.JPG|750px]]<br />
<br />
LoRa WAN is the internet-based version of LoRa. While LoRa communication only works between generally two devices, LoRa WAN can communicate between hundreds of devices by the means of a gateway. LoRa WAN consists of end-nodes and at least one gateway. Communication between the gateway and the nodes is bidirectional and based on LoRa radio communication. <br />
<br />
__List of tutorial videos on some useful related LoRa WAN subjects__<br />
<br />
[LGo1-N configuration](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqUpkWl_EsQ)</br><br />
[LoRa Wan tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VldgrTKdAqo)</br><br />
[LG01-N gateway setup](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJEOu2AATXU)</br></br><br />
<br />
[Different device types - Class A,B,C - Youtube tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShJ5RERof5I)</br><br />
[Fresnel zone](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWOivbJjw7s)</br><br />
[EIRP and ERP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEucMthGJtc)</br><br />
[RSSI and SNR](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpTw1fGhI68)</br><br />
[LoRa Packet Format, Time on Air and Adaptive Data Rate](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_Rh5GSENA4)</br><br />
[Different types of LoRa chips](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FaFVD5fedc&list=PLmL13yqb6OxdeOi97EvI8QeO8o-PqeQ0g&index=18)</br><br />
[LoRa End Node Libraries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dnnqToK28A&list=PLmL13yqb6OxdeOi97EvI8QeO8o-PqeQ0g&index=20)<br />
<br />
## Gateway<br />
<br />
A gateway can be a [LG01-N Single Channel Gateway](https://www.seeedstudio.com/LG01-N-Single-Channel-LoRa-IoT-Gateway-p-2935.html). It works in a LoRaWAN setup and communicates with the nodes. In a LoRaWAN setup, the nodes don't communicate with each other. A gateway creates a connection with the internet and uploads the data to a platform such as TheThingsNetwork (TTN). This is a potential great opportunity for improving the current system at the farm.</br><br />
[[File:DraginoLG01-N.JPG|250px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
## Nanopb protocol buffer<br />
<br />
Protocol buffers are a data serialization format from Google which are supported in multiple programming languages. Protocol Buffers messages are encoded in a binary format, which means they are not human-readable unless we decode them back to a readable format. One of the main advantages of using Protocol Buffers is that the serialization and deserialization process is fast and the generated messages are small.[^protob] _Nanopb_ is a version of the protocol buffer in the programming language C, which works well with 32 bit systems such as the Arduino. <br />
<br />
This [_dfrobot_ tutorial](https://www.dfrobot.com/blog-1161.html) leads you through installing the Nanopb library and compiler on your laptop. You can use [this online proto buffer decoder](https://protogen.marcgravell.com/decode) to decode proto buffer messages that were encoded for sending. <br />
<br />
The Nanopb library needs a `.proto` file that clarifies the variables that will be serialized. Once, the different types of variables are serialized or encoded, they are unreadable for humans in a binary format. This number is expressed as hexadecimal that can easily be sent over wireless radio as it requires small amounts of data. <br />
<br />
The encoded message needs to be decoded on the side of the receiver. The receiver also needs to know the specific variable types in the message to properly decode the message. The [abovementioned tutorial](https://www.dfrobot.com/blog-1161.html) only walks you through setting up the Nanopb environemnt on your laptio and encoding a message. A [different tutorial by _dfrobot_ shows how to encode and decode messages between an Arduino and ESP32](http://dfrobot.blogspot.com/2019/02/esp32-arduino-tutorial-25-3-protocol.html). <br />
<br />
<br />
### References<br />
[^digikey-lora]: https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
[^dragino-lora]: https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield#What_is_the_Dragino_LoRa_Shield<br />
<br />
[^protob]: https://www.dfrobot.com/blog-1161.html</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Electrical_Control_Unit&diff=569Electrical Control Unit2021-04-13T16:11:45Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The electrical control unit is a wireless communication system that monitors the battery voltage and broadcasts other information. Please refer to the [GitHub Repository "WoodlandHarvestControlSystem"](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem) for the code for all Arduinos. The over-the-air communication works on the LoRa system at 915 Mhz.</br><br />
<br />
If you feel lost regarding working with any sensors or boards used in the system, check Useful Guides section at the bottom of this page.</br><br />
__Feel free to change the code on the Arduinos and platforms. Visitors and students can get editing access to the repository from Leon Santen or Odalys Benitez.__<br />
<br />
#LoRa Network<br />
<br />
On the Arduinos that are integrated into the system, we use the [Dragino LoRa shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield). In the image below, you can see how the pins on the Dragino LoRa shield are assigned. This is useful as not all pins on the shield are useable. This is especially important on Arduino Unos that don't have as many pins as the Arduino Megas.</br><br />
[[File:Lora board.JPG|500px]]</br><br />
_The Dragino LoRa shield. Blue-boxed pins are not used by the shield and are free to be used._<br />
<br />
## Gateway<br />
<br />
A gateway can be a [LG01-N Single Channel Gateway](https://www.seeedstudio.com/LG01-N-Single-Channel-LoRa-IoT-Gateway-p-2935.html). It works in a LoRaWAN setup and communicates with the nodes. In a LoRaWAN setup, the nodes don't communicate with each other. A gateway creates a connection with the internet and uploads the data to a platform such as TheThingsNetwork (TTN). This is a potential great opportunity for improving the current system at the farm.</br><br />
[[File:DraginoLG01-N.JPG|250px]]<br />
## Nodes<br />
<br />
The following nodes are curently in use:<br />
<br />
### master-arduino<br />
<br />
The master Arduino measures the battery voltage with the [Adafruit INA260](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4226?gclid=Cj0KCQiA4feBBhC9ARIsABp_nbUfI0ajLIOyZSA2bku_JZfo73gYy_W1wFGoZthBykCbWl1sPe3xmiYaAnboEALw_wcB) and broadcasts information wirelessly to the other Arduinos. The wireless system uses the [[LoRa research|LoRa protocol]] to communicate at 915 Mhz. For detailed information on what LoRa is and how it works, please refer to the [[LoRa research]] page. The diagram for states and communication codes is on [Whimsical](https://whimsical.com/rf-states-and-communication-codes-TEZgio2TPLtG5tm47541Hq). The prior link redirects you to the diagram.<br />
<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Sense and broadcast battery voltage<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- _float_ of battery voltage <br />
<br />
### client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
[[File:GlowingBucket.jpeg|250px]]</br><br />
_The glowing crystal indicates the batterie's charge status._<br />
</br><br />
<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Receive battery voltage and change colors to indicate battery status<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- NA<br />
<br />
#### Color legend<br />
<br />
- >= 27 V | Violet<br />
- between 25 and 27 V | __Green__<br />
- between 24.3 and 25 V | __Orange__<br />
- < 24.3 V | __Red__<br />
<br />
<br />
# Repository sections - coding comments<br />
<br />
_In this section, code-specific comments and tips can be written down for future collaboration if comments in the code don't feel appropriate._<br />
<br />
## master-arduino<br />
<br />
## client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
This unit receives the battery voltage from the master Arduino in the mudroom. Based on the voltage, the LED crystal shines in different colors.<br />
<br />
## anemometer<br />
<br />
We are using a Vortex wind sensor. One revolution per second equals 2.5 mph. Since our anemometer has a relay (a mechanical switch), it creates a _switch bounce_. Therefore, we need a debounce circuit.</br><br />
[[File:WindSpeed Porch Oct14.jpg|500px]]<br />
<br />
_A bug with the current code seems to be related to saving the dateTime string. The dateTime string is saved incorrectly when there should be a trailing 0 in front of the minute reading. I believe that the current code does not include an additional 0 to save minute readings below 10._<br />
<br />
# Opportunities to improve the system<br />
<br />
- We are currently supplying power to the Arduinos via USB. If we use efficient Buck converters from the batteries to the Arduinos, we might save some electricity.<br />
- install a gateway for a LoRa WAN network<br />
<br />
# Helpful tools and guides<br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
The [falstad online circuit simulator](https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html) is great to quickly test a circuit, check its output voltage or behavior.<br />
<br />
## Guides and tips<br />
<br />
__Real Time Clock Setup for SD3231__<br />
<br />
[Tutorial on arduino.com](https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/MisterBotBreak/how-to-use-a-real-time-clock-module-ds3231-bc90fe)<br />
<br />
[Download DS3231 library on GitHub](https://github.com/rodan/ds3231)<br />
<br />
__Data logging on SD-card__<br />
<br />
this [randomnerdtutorial.com](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-to-sd-card-module-with-arduino/) leads you through SD-card usage with an arduino.<br />
<br />
__Wireless communication with NRF24L01__<br />
<br />
We have [long-run antennas](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B06WLH4ZG6/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_image_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1) for wireless communication ([NRF24L01 Tutorial](https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-wireless-communication-nrf24l01-tutorial/)).</br><br />
You should solder a 10uf electrolytic capacitor between the power leads.<br />
<br />
How to connect several [SPI devices to Arduino](http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Multiple-SPI-devices-to-an-arduino-microcontroller.php).<br />
<br />
__Non-invasive AC Current Sensor ANSANE SCT-013-030__<br />
<br />
Outputs approximately 1 V for every 30 A.<br />
<br />
__LoRa Overview on Digikey__<br />
<br />
https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
__Voltage measuring with voltage divider circuit__<br />
<br />
For precise voltage measurements, it is recommended to use `(analogRead(pin) + 0.5) * 5.0 / 1024.0` [^preciseVoltage].<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^preciseVoltage]: http://www.skillbank.co.uk/arduino/measure.htm#:~:text=Precise%20voltage%20measurement%20with%20the,number%20between%200%20and%201023.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Ideas_for_the_next_round&diff=567Ideas for the next round2021-04-08T13:44:10Z<p>Lsanten: Created page with "This is a collection of insights from the Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 semesters. ## Onboarding ## Project organization ## Tools"</p>
<hr />
<div>This is a collection of insights from the Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 semesters. <br />
<br />
## Onboarding<br />
<br />
## Project organization<br />
<br />
## Tools</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-Tilt_System_for_Solar_Array&diff=566Pan-Tilt System for Solar Array2021-04-07T22:39:30Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:PanTilt V1.JPG|640px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The Solidworks files are in the [GitHub folder](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem/tree/master/CAD/Solar%20panel%20construction).<br />
<br />
## Bill of Materials<br />
<br />
[Link to Bill of Materials](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1t2o43lMaLdGF9lpJ2fQJ4yfhcPmQs115V7Mzy5B8D2Y/edit?usp=sharing)<br />
<br />
## Angle Encoder</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-Tilt_System_for_Solar_Array&diff=565Pan-Tilt System for Solar Array2021-04-07T22:38:59Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:PanTilt V1.JPG|640px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The Solidworks files are in the [GitHub folder](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem/tree/master/CAD/Solar%20panel%20construction).<br />
<br />
## Bill of Materials<br />
<br />
[Link to Bill of Materials](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1t2o43lMaLdGF9lpJ2fQJ4yfhcPmQs115V7Mzy5B8D2Y/edit?usp=sharing)<br />
<br />
## Angle Encoder<br />
[Hall Effect Potentiometer Angle Encoder Sensor 360 Degree 6mm Shaft Analog 0-5v Output](https://www.amazon.com/Effect-Potentiometer-Encoder-Sensor-Degree/dp/B07SXFBN5D/ref=asc_df_B07SXFBN5D/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=385182567079&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1892609455559741129&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010255&hvtargid=pla-824197173971&psc=1&tag=&ref=&adgrpid=80210700644&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvadid=385182567079&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1892609455559741129&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010255&hvtargid=pla-824197173971#customerReviews)</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-Tilt_System_for_Solar_Array&diff=564Pan-Tilt System for Solar Array2021-04-07T22:38:50Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:PanTilt V1.JPG|640px]]<br />
The Solidworks files are in the [GitHub folder](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem/tree/master/CAD/Solar%20panel%20construction).<br />
<br />
## Bill of Materials<br />
<br />
[Link to Bill of Materials](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1t2o43lMaLdGF9lpJ2fQJ4yfhcPmQs115V7Mzy5B8D2Y/edit?usp=sharing)<br />
<br />
## Angle Encoder<br />
[Hall Effect Potentiometer Angle Encoder Sensor 360 Degree 6mm Shaft Analog 0-5v Output](https://www.amazon.com/Effect-Potentiometer-Encoder-Sensor-Degree/dp/B07SXFBN5D/ref=asc_df_B07SXFBN5D/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=385182567079&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1892609455559741129&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010255&hvtargid=pla-824197173971&psc=1&tag=&ref=&adgrpid=80210700644&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvadid=385182567079&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1892609455559741129&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010255&hvtargid=pla-824197173971#customerReviews)</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=File:PanTilt_V1.JPG&diff=563File:PanTilt V1.JPG2021-04-07T22:38:11Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-tilt_mechanism_research&diff=562Pan-tilt mechanism research2021-04-06T19:38:11Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The individual solar panels have an aspect ratio of 1:2 (62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches).<br />
<br />
There is a large variety of solar panel pan-tilt mechanisms. Here you can find a [general overview of various solar panel tracker ideas](https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/are-solar-axis-trackers-worth-the-additional-investment). </br>[SunWize](https://www.sunwize.com/application-item/solar-panel-mounts/) has a large number of solar panel connectors and brackets. [Solar Electric](https://www.solar-electric.com/residential/panel-mounts-trackers/pole-mounts.html) has pole mounts.<br />
<br />
## Linear actuation - potential design one<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [ECO-worthy linear actuator controller](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00JYAIS9W/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_fabc_PGWD9GZZN7953B59Y202?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1)<br />
<br />
This design does not have a rotational mechanism, but two linear actuators and three hinges. The hinges permit it to tilt in different directions, simulating a rotation. <br />
<br />
[[File:ECO-worthy_mechanism_breakdown.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Linear_actuator_motion.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Actuatordesign_materials.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros:<br />
<br />
- Linear actuators can resist change in motion i.e. when you power them to a certain position, they will stay there and not consume extra power. <br />
- Linear actuators are somewhat cheap <br />
- All materials for this design can be bought locally, like Lowe's <br />
- Existing template for this design exists. Maximum load with their actuator and trigonometry is 330 lbs, which is more than enough to carry five solar panels. (We don't have to calculate torque)<br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- Linear actuators don't have encoders, so we would need to attach a position sensor or accelerometer to the motor.<br />
<br />
Same linear actuators can be found on Banggood [Linear actuators](https://usa.banggood.com/1500N-12V-4681012-inch-Linear-Actuator-Adjustable-Actuator-Tor-Opener-Linear-Actuator-Motor-p-1115476.html?cur_warehouse=CN&ID=566086&rmmds=search)<br />
<br />
## Rotational actuation - Potential Design Two<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [Simplified Solar Panel Pan-Tilt](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:53321)<br />
<br />
This design is cute and can be completed as a benchtop experiment. We would calculate the torque to rotate our mass, and then we would program servo rotation with an Arduino. We would need someone to 3-D print the gears and send them to us. <br />
<br />
To tilt the solar panels during the day, we could mount them to a rod and rotate the rod, similar to [this mount](https://www.ecodirect.com/Tamarack-Solar-UNI-PGRM-5P1-Top-of-Pole-Mount-p/tamarack-uni-pgrm-5p1.htm?gclid=Cj0KCQjw8fr7BRDSARIsAK0Qqr4xHvMvIqFGFAXQsrLIevLGQ5ZELeIHdAVhUrD0vjdXkz8LiQ_oPp0aAuqpEALw_wcB).<br />
<br />
[[File:Simplified_Pan-Tilt.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros and possibly also cons:<br />
<br />
- We can play around with gear ratios and design to have a super precise movement<br />
- We have to find motors<br />
- It would be a massive mechanical display <br />
- We can use encoders, which would make programming easier in the long run. <br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- It might require sourcing someone for CNC or lathe use<br />
- We don't know what issues we might run into scaling up such a design<br />
<br />
## Wind drag on solar panel plate <br />
<br />
The calculation below considers the strongest hurricane wind conditions of around 18 m/s (~40 mph) in North Carolina. We calculated a maximum force of 7835 N (1761.378 lb) on the five solar panels. <br />
<br />
[[File:Dragforceonsolarpanels_1.jpg|border|thumb|drag force on five solar panels at varying angles approximated]]<br />
<br />
F = 1/2 * p * v^2 * A * 2pi * sin(alpha); (p - density of air, v - wind speed, 2pi sin(a) - drag coefficient); density of 10 celsius air - 1.246 kg/m^3; <br><br />
solar panel dimension - 62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches - 1.58m x 0.8m x 0.0355; area = 1.264 m^2<br><br />
__Lift on all five panels__: F = 0.5 * 1.246 kg/m^3 * (17.8 m/s)^2 * 1.264 m^2 * 5 * 2pi * sin(a) <= __7835 N__<br />
<br />
<br />
## Encoding a Linear Actuator <br />
<br />
There are a couple of ways to attach an encoder to the mount to track actuator position.<br />
<br />
## Hinges<br />
<br />
https://gatehardwarecenter.com/store/d-d-shut-it-bolt-on-baby-badass-hinge-ci3750.html?gclid=CjwKCAjwgZuDBhBTEiwAXNofRIb2o4CEUGVr_-UUNzYSLvvhYg-rvnCTHGrK9NKjKWzOGlotoMQ9GRoCb3gQAvD_BwE<br />
<br />
## Rotary Encoders<br />
<br />
### Single Turn Absolute<br />
https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Bourns/AMS22B5A1BHASL334N?qs=kt0%2FcWl7YWfoez7BV%252BGENA%3D%3D&mgh=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw6qqDBhB-EiwACBs6xzts0adWZ6byjvQkTijiDdVFMMXgs5_Tj4s-2xY4Qmdl2MXhLuwLaxoC9RAQAvD_BwE<br />
<br />
https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Bourns/AMS22U5A1BHBRL334?qs=Zq5ylnUbLm5JcZY%2FrTiIlQ%3D%3D<br />
<br />
### IP 56 or higher<br />
<br />
SPI: https://p3america.com/ercf-1-05spi-360-z/<br />
<br />
Voltage output: https://p3america.com/ercf-1-0505-360-z/<br />
<br />
## Sun angle calculation<br />
<br />
[Paper on sun angles](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283051726_A_comprehensive_solar_angles_simulation_and_calculation_using_Matlab)<br />
[matlab function for angles](https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/mlc-downloads/downloads/submissions/5430/versions/1/previews/sun_position.m/index.html)</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-tilt_mechanism_research&diff=561Pan-tilt mechanism research2021-04-05T14:24:41Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The individual solar panels have an aspect ratio of 1:2 (62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches).<br />
<br />
There is a large variety of solar panel pan-tilt mechanisms. Here you can find a [general overview of various solar panel tracker ideas](https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/are-solar-axis-trackers-worth-the-additional-investment). </br>[SunWize](https://www.sunwize.com/application-item/solar-panel-mounts/) has a large number of solar panel connectors and brackets. [Solar Electric](https://www.solar-electric.com/residential/panel-mounts-trackers/pole-mounts.html) has pole mounts.<br />
<br />
## Linear actuation - potential design one<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [ECO-worthy linear actuator controller](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00JYAIS9W/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_fabc_PGWD9GZZN7953B59Y202?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1)<br />
<br />
This design does not have a rotational mechanism, but two linear actuators and three hinges. The hinges permit it to tilt in different directions, simulating a rotation. <br />
<br />
[[File:ECO-worthy_mechanism_breakdown.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Linear_actuator_motion.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Actuatordesign_materials.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros:<br />
<br />
- Linear actuators can resist change in motion i.e. when you power them to a certain position, they will stay there and not consume extra power. <br />
- Linear actuators are somewhat cheap <br />
- All materials for this design can be bought locally, like Lowe's <br />
- Existing template for this design exists. Maximum load with their actuator and trigonometry is 330 lbs, which is more than enough to carry five solar panels. (We don't have to calculate torque)<br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- Linear actuators don't have encoders, so we would need to attach a position sensor or accelerometer to the motor.<br />
<br />
Same linear actuators can be found on Banggood [Linear actuators](https://usa.banggood.com/1500N-12V-4681012-inch-Linear-Actuator-Adjustable-Actuator-Tor-Opener-Linear-Actuator-Motor-p-1115476.html?cur_warehouse=CN&ID=566086&rmmds=search)<br />
<br />
## Rotational actuation - Potential Design Two<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [Simplified Solar Panel Pan-Tilt](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:53321)<br />
<br />
This design is cute and can be completed as a benchtop experiment. We would calculate the torque to rotate our mass, and then we would program servo rotation with an Arduino. We would need someone to 3-D print the gears and send them to us. <br />
<br />
To tilt the solar panels during the day, we could mount them to a rod and rotate the rod, similar to [this mount](https://www.ecodirect.com/Tamarack-Solar-UNI-PGRM-5P1-Top-of-Pole-Mount-p/tamarack-uni-pgrm-5p1.htm?gclid=Cj0KCQjw8fr7BRDSARIsAK0Qqr4xHvMvIqFGFAXQsrLIevLGQ5ZELeIHdAVhUrD0vjdXkz8LiQ_oPp0aAuqpEALw_wcB).<br />
<br />
[[File:Simplified_Pan-Tilt.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros and possibly also cons:<br />
<br />
- We can play around with gear ratios and design to have a super precise movement<br />
- We have to find motors<br />
- It would be a massive mechanical display <br />
- We can use encoders, which would make programming easier in the long run. <br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- It might require sourcing someone for CNC or lathe use<br />
- We don't know what issues we might run into scaling up such a design<br />
<br />
## Wind drag on solar panel plate <br />
<br />
The calculation below considers the strongest hurricane wind conditions of around 18 m/s (~40 mph) in North Carolina. We calculated a maximum force of 7835 N (1761.378 lb) on the five solar panels. <br />
<br />
[[File:Dragforceonsolarpanels_1.jpg|border|thumb|drag force on five solar panels at varying angles approximated]]<br />
<br />
F = 1/2 * p * v^2 * A * 2pi * sin(alpha); (p - density of air, v - wind speed, 2pi sin(a) - drag coefficient); density of 10 celsius air - 1.246 kg/m^3; <br><br />
solar panel dimension - 62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches - 1.58m x 0.8m x 0.0355; area = 1.264 m^2<br><br />
__Lift on all five panels__: F = 0.5 * 1.246 kg/m^3 * (17.8 m/s)^2 * 1.264 m^2 * 5 * 2pi * sin(a) <= __7835 N__<br />
<br />
<br />
## Encoding a Linear Actuator <br />
<br />
There are a couple of ways to attach an encoder to the mount to track actuator position.<br />
<br />
## Hinges<br />
<br />
https://gatehardwarecenter.com/store/d-d-shut-it-bolt-on-baby-badass-hinge-ci3750.html?gclid=CjwKCAjwgZuDBhBTEiwAXNofRIb2o4CEUGVr_-UUNzYSLvvhYg-rvnCTHGrK9NKjKWzOGlotoMQ9GRoCb3gQAvD_BwE<br />
<br />
## Rotary Encoders<br />
<br />
### Single Turn Absolute<br />
https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Bourns/AMS22B5A1BHASL334N?qs=kt0%2FcWl7YWfoez7BV%252BGENA%3D%3D&mgh=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw6qqDBhB-EiwACBs6xzts0adWZ6byjvQkTijiDdVFMMXgs5_Tj4s-2xY4Qmdl2MXhLuwLaxoC9RAQAvD_BwE<br />
<br />
https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Bourns/AMS22U5A1BHBRL334?qs=Zq5ylnUbLm5JcZY%2FrTiIlQ%3D%3D<br />
<br />
## Sun angle calculation<br />
<br />
[Paper on sun angles](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283051726_A_comprehensive_solar_angles_simulation_and_calculation_using_Matlab)<br />
[matlab function for angles](https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/mlc-downloads/downloads/submissions/5430/versions/1/previews/sun_position.m/index.html)</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-Tilt_System_for_Solar_Array&diff=560Pan-Tilt System for Solar Array2021-04-02T23:02:01Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
The Solidworks files are in the [GitHub folder](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem/tree/master/CAD/Solar%20panel%20construction).<br />
<br />
## Bill of Materials<br />
<br />
[Link to Bill of Materials](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1t2o43lMaLdGF9lpJ2fQJ4yfhcPmQs115V7Mzy5B8D2Y/edit?usp=sharing)<br />
<br />
## Angle Encoder<br />
[Hall Effect Potentiometer Angle Encoder Sensor 360 Degree 6mm Shaft Analog 0-5v Output](https://www.amazon.com/Effect-Potentiometer-Encoder-Sensor-Degree/dp/B07SXFBN5D/ref=asc_df_B07SXFBN5D/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=385182567079&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1892609455559741129&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010255&hvtargid=pla-824197173971&psc=1&tag=&ref=&adgrpid=80210700644&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvadid=385182567079&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1892609455559741129&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010255&hvtargid=pla-824197173971#customerReviews)</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-Tilt_System_for_Solar_Array&diff=559Pan-Tilt System for Solar Array2021-04-02T23:00:33Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
The Solidworks files are in the GitHub folder.<br />
<br />
## Bill of Materials<br />
<br />
[Link to Bill of Materials](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1t2o43lMaLdGF9lpJ2fQJ4yfhcPmQs115V7Mzy5B8D2Y/edit?usp=sharing)<br />
<br />
## Angle Encoder<br />
[Hall Effect Potentiometer Angle Encoder Sensor 360 Degree 6mm Shaft Analog 0-5v Output](https://www.amazon.com/Effect-Potentiometer-Encoder-Sensor-Degree/dp/B07SXFBN5D/ref=asc_df_B07SXFBN5D/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=385182567079&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1892609455559741129&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010255&hvtargid=pla-824197173971&psc=1&tag=&ref=&adgrpid=80210700644&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvadid=385182567079&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1892609455559741129&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010255&hvtargid=pla-824197173971#customerReviews)</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-tilt_mechanism_research&diff=558Pan-tilt mechanism research2021-04-02T19:48:50Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The individual solar panels have an aspect ratio of 1:2 (62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches).<br />
<br />
There is a large variety of solar panel pan-tilt mechanisms. Here you can find a [general overview of various solar panel tracker ideas](https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/are-solar-axis-trackers-worth-the-additional-investment). </br>[SunWize](https://www.sunwize.com/application-item/solar-panel-mounts/) has a large number of solar panel connectors and brackets. [Solar Electric](https://www.solar-electric.com/residential/panel-mounts-trackers/pole-mounts.html) has pole mounts.<br />
<br />
## Linear actuation - potential design one<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [ECO-worthy linear actuator controller](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00JYAIS9W/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_fabc_PGWD9GZZN7953B59Y202?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1)<br />
<br />
This design does not have a rotational mechanism, but two linear actuators and three hinges. The hinges permit it to tilt in different directions, simulating a rotation. <br />
<br />
[[File:ECO-worthy_mechanism_breakdown.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Linear_actuator_motion.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Actuatordesign_materials.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros:<br />
<br />
- Linear actuators can resist change in motion i.e. when you power them to a certain position, they will stay there and not consume extra power. <br />
- Linear actuators are somewhat cheap <br />
- All materials for this design can be bought locally, like Lowe's <br />
- Existing template for this design exists. Maximum load with their actuator and trigonometry is 330 lbs, which is more than enough to carry five solar panels. (We don't have to calculate torque)<br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- Linear actuators don't have encoders, so we would need to attach a position sensor or accelerometer to the motor.<br />
<br />
Same linear actuators can be found on Banggood [Linear actuators](https://usa.banggood.com/1500N-12V-4681012-inch-Linear-Actuator-Adjustable-Actuator-Tor-Opener-Linear-Actuator-Motor-p-1115476.html?cur_warehouse=CN&ID=566086&rmmds=search)<br />
<br />
## Rotational actuation - Potential Design Two<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [Simplified Solar Panel Pan-Tilt](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:53321)<br />
<br />
This design is cute and can be completed as a benchtop experiment. We would calculate the torque to rotate our mass, and then we would program servo rotation with an Arduino. We would need someone to 3-D print the gears and send them to us. <br />
<br />
To tilt the solar panels during the day, we could mount them to a rod and rotate the rod, similar to [this mount](https://www.ecodirect.com/Tamarack-Solar-UNI-PGRM-5P1-Top-of-Pole-Mount-p/tamarack-uni-pgrm-5p1.htm?gclid=Cj0KCQjw8fr7BRDSARIsAK0Qqr4xHvMvIqFGFAXQsrLIevLGQ5ZELeIHdAVhUrD0vjdXkz8LiQ_oPp0aAuqpEALw_wcB).<br />
<br />
[[File:Simplified_Pan-Tilt.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros and possibly also cons:<br />
<br />
- We can play around with gear ratios and design to have a super precise movement<br />
- We have to find motors<br />
- It would be a massive mechanical display <br />
- We can use encoders, which would make programming easier in the long run. <br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- It might require sourcing someone for CNC or lathe use<br />
- We don't know what issues we might run into scaling up such a design<br />
<br />
## Wind drag on solar panel plate <br />
<br />
The calculation below considers the strongest hurricane wind conditions of around 18 m/s (~40 mph) in North Carolina. We calculated a maximum force of 7835 N (1761.378 lb) on the five solar panels. <br />
<br />
[[File:Dragforceonsolarpanels_1.jpg|border|thumb|drag force on five solar panels at varying angles approximated]]<br />
<br />
F = 1/2 * p * v^2 * A * 2pi * sin(alpha); (p - density of air, v - wind speed, 2pi sin(a) - drag coefficient); density of 10 celsius air - 1.246 kg/m^3; <br><br />
solar panel dimension - 62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches - 1.58m x 0.8m x 0.0355; area = 1.264 m^2<br><br />
__Lift on all five panels__: F = 0.5 * 1.246 kg/m^3 * (17.8 m/s)^2 * 1.264 m^2 * 5 * 2pi * sin(a) <= __7835 N__<br />
<br />
<br />
## Encoding a Linear Actuator <br />
<br />
There are a couple of ways to attach an encoder to the mount to track actuator position.<br />
<br />
## HInges<br />
<br />
https://gatehardwarecenter.com/store/d-d-shut-it-bolt-on-baby-badass-hinge-ci3750.html?gclid=CjwKCAjwgZuDBhBTEiwAXNofRIb2o4CEUGVr_-UUNzYSLvvhYg-rvnCTHGrK9NKjKWzOGlotoMQ9GRoCb3gQAvD_BwE<br />
<br />
## Sun angle calculation<br />
<br />
[Paper on sun angles](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283051726_A_comprehensive_solar_angles_simulation_and_calculation_using_Matlab)<br />
[matlab function for angles](https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/mlc-downloads/downloads/submissions/5430/versions/1/previews/sun_position.m/index.html)</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Robotics_in_Rural_Living_ISRG&diff=557Robotics in Rural Living ISRG2021-03-25T21:07:16Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>_This page is for notes for an independent robotics study by Odalys Benitez and Leon Santen. Our final project is to build a pan-tilt mechanism for a solar panel array on Woodland Harvest Mountain Farm._<br />
<br />
##Foundation Research<br />
<br />
[[LoRa research]]</br><br />
This page is a collection of research insights around LoRa and useful communication tips.<br />
<br />
[[Pan-tilt mechanism research]]</br><br />
This page is a gathering of potential components and calculations around the solar panel pan-tilt mechanism.<br />
<br />
[[Sensor Data Acquisition]]</br><br />
This page is a combination of different resources for learning how to obtain solar radiation data from an Apogee Pyranometer and how to make this data inform actuator position<br />
<br />
##Project Documentation<br />
<br />
[[Pan-Tilt System for Solar Array]]</br><br />
This page is documentation of our work on the pan-tilt mechanism. It provides tips and info for future students and visitors. <br />
<br />
[[Electrical Control Unit]]</br><br />
This page documents the wireless communication system that monitors the electrical system. It includes the GitHub repository, and tips around coding and using sensors.<br />
<br />
## To Do<br />
<br />
3/25/2021</br><br />
<br />
- speck out encoder<br />
- calculate angle for solar panels, pan and tilt, simulation<br />
- find bolts for rectangular center post</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-Tilt_System_for_Solar_Array&diff=556Pan-Tilt System for Solar Array2021-03-25T21:04:30Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
The Solidworks files are in the GitHub folder.<br />
<br />
## Bill of Materials<br />
<br />
Center post 3"x3" inside 2.5"<br />
<br />
https://www.mcmaster.com/6527K624-6527K623/<br />
<br />
## Angle Encoder<br />
[Hall Effect Potentiometer Angle Encoder Sensor 360 Degree 6mm Shaft Analog 0-5v Output](https://www.amazon.com/Effect-Potentiometer-Encoder-Sensor-Degree/dp/B07SXFBN5D/ref=asc_df_B07SXFBN5D/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=385182567079&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1892609455559741129&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010255&hvtargid=pla-824197173971&psc=1&tag=&ref=&adgrpid=80210700644&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvadid=385182567079&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1892609455559741129&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010255&hvtargid=pla-824197173971#customerReviews)</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-tilt_mechanism_research&diff=555Pan-tilt mechanism research2021-03-25T20:49:23Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The individual solar panels have an aspect ratio of 1:2 (62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches).<br />
<br />
There is a large variety of solar panel pan-tilt mechanisms. Here you can find a [general overview of various solar panel tracker ideas](https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/are-solar-axis-trackers-worth-the-additional-investment). </br>[SunWize](https://www.sunwize.com/application-item/solar-panel-mounts/) has a large number of solar panel connectors and brackets. [Solar Electric](https://www.solar-electric.com/residential/panel-mounts-trackers/pole-mounts.html) has pole mounts.<br />
<br />
## Linear actuation - potential design one<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [ECO-worthy linear actuator controller](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00JYAIS9W/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_fabc_PGWD9GZZN7953B59Y202?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1)<br />
<br />
This design does not have a rotational mechanism, but two linear actuators and three hinges. The hinges permit it to tilt in different directions, simulating a rotation. <br />
<br />
[[File:ECO-worthy_mechanism_breakdown.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Linear_actuator_motion.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Actuatordesign_materials.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros:<br />
<br />
- Linear actuators can resist change in motion i.e. when you power them to a certain position, they will stay there and not consume extra power. <br />
- Linear actuators are somewhat cheap <br />
- All materials for this design can be bought locally, like Lowe's <br />
- Existing template for this design exists. Maximum load with their actuator and trigonometry is 330 lbs, which is more than enough to carry five solar panels. (We don't have to calculate torque)<br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- Linear actuators don't have encoders, so we would need to attach a position sensor or accelerometer to the motor.<br />
<br />
Same linear actuators can be found on Banggood [Linear actuators](https://usa.banggood.com/1500N-12V-4681012-inch-Linear-Actuator-Adjustable-Actuator-Tor-Opener-Linear-Actuator-Motor-p-1115476.html?cur_warehouse=CN&ID=566086&rmmds=search)<br />
<br />
## Rotational actuation - Potential Design Two<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [Simplified Solar Panel Pan-Tilt](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:53321)<br />
<br />
This design is cute and can be completed as a benchtop experiment. We would calculate the torque to rotate our mass, and then we would program servo rotation with an Arduino. We would need someone to 3-D print the gears and send them to us. <br />
<br />
To tilt the solar panels during the day, we could mount them to a rod and rotate the rod, similar to [this mount](https://www.ecodirect.com/Tamarack-Solar-UNI-PGRM-5P1-Top-of-Pole-Mount-p/tamarack-uni-pgrm-5p1.htm?gclid=Cj0KCQjw8fr7BRDSARIsAK0Qqr4xHvMvIqFGFAXQsrLIevLGQ5ZELeIHdAVhUrD0vjdXkz8LiQ_oPp0aAuqpEALw_wcB).<br />
<br />
[[File:Simplified_Pan-Tilt.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros and possibly also cons:<br />
<br />
- We can play around with gear ratios and design to have a super precise movement<br />
- We have to find motors<br />
- It would be a massive mechanical display <br />
- We can use encoders, which would make programming easier in the long run. <br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- It might require sourcing someone for CNC or lathe use<br />
- We don't know what issues we might run into scaling up such a design<br />
<br />
## Wind drag on solar panel plate <br />
<br />
The calculation below considers the strongest hurricane wind conditions of around 18 m/s (~40 mph) in North Carolina. We calculated a maximum force of 7835 N (1761.378 lb) on the five solar panels. <br />
<br />
[[File:Dragforceonsolarpanels_1.jpg|border|thumb|drag force on five solar panels at varying angles approximated]]<br />
<br />
F = 1/2 * p * v^2 * A * 2pi * sin(alpha); (p - density of air, v - wind speed, 2pi sin(a) - drag coefficient); density of 10 celsius air - 1.246 kg/m^3; <br><br />
solar panel dimension - 62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches - 1.58m x 0.8m x 0.0355; area = 1.264 m^2<br><br />
__Lift on all five panels__: F = 0.5 * 1.246 kg/m^3 * (17.8 m/s)^2 * 1.264 m^2 * 5 * 2pi * sin(a) <= __7835 N__<br />
<br />
<br />
## Encoding a Linear Actuator <br />
<br />
There are a couple of ways to attach an encoder to the mount to track actuator position.<br />
<br />
## Sun angle calculation<br />
<br />
[Paper on sun angles](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283051726_A_comprehensive_solar_angles_simulation_and_calculation_using_Matlab)<br />
[matlab function for angles](https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/mlc-downloads/downloads/submissions/5430/versions/1/previews/sun_position.m/index.html)</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-Tilt_System_for_Solar_Array&diff=554Pan-Tilt System for Solar Array2021-03-25T20:19:37Z<p>Lsanten: Created page with " The Solidworks files are in the GitHub folder. ## Angle Encoder [Hall Effect Potentiometer Angle Encoder Sensor 360 Degree 6mm Shaft Analog 0-5v Output](https://www.amazon.c..."</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
The Solidworks files are in the GitHub folder.<br />
<br />
## Angle Encoder<br />
[Hall Effect Potentiometer Angle Encoder Sensor 360 Degree 6mm Shaft Analog 0-5v Output](https://www.amazon.com/Effect-Potentiometer-Encoder-Sensor-Degree/dp/B07SXFBN5D/ref=asc_df_B07SXFBN5D/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=385182567079&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1892609455559741129&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010255&hvtargid=pla-824197173971&psc=1&tag=&ref=&adgrpid=80210700644&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvadid=385182567079&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=1892609455559741129&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010255&hvtargid=pla-824197173971#customerReviews)</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Robotics_in_Rural_Living_ISRG&diff=553Robotics in Rural Living ISRG2021-03-25T20:01:55Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>_This page is for notes for an independent robotics study by Odalys Benitez and Leon Santen. Our final project is to build a pan-tilt mechanism for a solar panel array on Woodland Harvest Mountain Farm._<br />
<br />
##Foundation Research<br />
<br />
[[LoRa research]]</br><br />
This page is a collection of research insights around LoRa and useful communication tips.<br />
<br />
[[Pan-tilt mechanism research]]</br><br />
This page is a gathering of potential components and calculations around the solar panel pan-tilt mechanism.<br />
<br />
[[Sensor Data Acquisition]]</br><br />
This page is a combination of different resources for learning how to obtain solar radiation data from an Apogee Pyranometer and how to make this data inform actuator position<br />
<br />
##Project Documentation<br />
<br />
[[Pan-Tilt System for Solar Array]]</br><br />
This page is documentation of our work on the pan-tilt mechanism. It provides tips and info for future students and visitors. <br />
<br />
[[Electrical Control Unit]]</br><br />
This page documents the wireless communication system that monitors the electrical system. It includes the GitHub repository, and tips around coding and using sensors.<br />
<br />
## To Do<br />
<br />
3/25/2021</br><br />
- speck out encoder<br />
- calculate angle for solar panels, pan and tilt<br />
-</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=LoRa_research&diff=552LoRa research2021-03-24T02:20:47Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>LoRa technology was developed by a company called Semtech and it is a new wireless protocol designed specifically for long-range, low-power communications. LoRa stands for Long Range Radio and is mainly targeted for M2M and IoT (internet of things) networks [^digikey-lora]. In the US, LoRa communication works on 915 Mhz, which is a license free spectrum. <br />
<br />
For different types of Arduino, we can use a long-range transceiver LoRa shield called the [Dragino shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield)[^dragino-lora].<br />
<br />
## LoRa<br />
For a large amount of differently placed sensors and devices, it is recommended to set up a LoRaWAN network. However, if you seek to establish simple device-to-device communication for a separate system, LoRa with the RadioHead library works great.<br />
<br />
The RadioHead library from [www.airspayce.com](http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/arduino/RadioHead/) works for communication between two devices, a server and a client. If you want to install the RadioHead library, click on the link with the ending _.zip_ on the previously mentioned website.</br><br />
Then, add the library to your Arduino IDE. Once added, you can open the example file under examples --> radiohead --> rf95 --> client or server</br> <br />
In the (example) sketch, make sure to assign LED to something other than 9. If set to 9, the restart of the LoRa board will be triggered.<br />
<br />
## LoRa WAN<br />
<br />
LoRa WAN is the internet-based version of LoRa. While LoRa communication only works between generally two devices, LoRa WAN can communicate between hundreds of devices by the means of a gateway. LoRa WAN consists of end-nodes and at least one gateway. Communication between the gateway and the nodes is bidirectional and based on LoRa radio communication. <br />
<br />
__List of tutorial videos on some useful related LoRa WAN subjects__<br />
<br />
[LGo1-N configuration](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqUpkWl_EsQ)</br><br />
[LoRa Wan tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VldgrTKdAqo)</br><br />
[LG01-N gateway setup](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJEOu2AATXU)</br></br><br />
<br />
[Different device types - Class A,B,C - Youtube tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShJ5RERof5I)</br><br />
[Fresnel zone](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWOivbJjw7s)</br><br />
[EIRP and ERP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEucMthGJtc)</br><br />
[RSSI and SNR](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpTw1fGhI68)</br><br />
[LoRa Packet Format, Time on Air and Adaptive Data Rate](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_Rh5GSENA4)</br><br />
[Different types of LoRa chips](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FaFVD5fedc&list=PLmL13yqb6OxdeOi97EvI8QeO8o-PqeQ0g&index=18)</br><br />
[LoRa End Node Libraries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dnnqToK28A&list=PLmL13yqb6OxdeOi97EvI8QeO8o-PqeQ0g&index=20)<br />
<br />
<br />
## Nanopb protocol buffer<br />
<br />
Protocol buffers are a data serialization format from Google which are supported in multiple programming languages. Protocol Buffers messages are encoded in a binary format, which means they are not human-readable unless we decode them back to a readable format. One of the main advantages of using Protocol Buffers is that the serialization and deserialization process is fast and the generated messages are small.[^protob] _Nanopb_ is a version of the protocol buffer in the programming language C, which works well with 32 bit systems such as the Arduino. <br />
<br />
This [_dfrobot_ tutorial](https://www.dfrobot.com/blog-1161.html) leads you through installing the Nanopb library and compiler on your laptop. You can use [this online proto buffer decoder](https://protogen.marcgravell.com/decode) to decode proto buffer messages that were encoded for sending. <br />
<br />
The Nanopb library needs a `.proto` file that clarifies the variables that will be serialized. Once, the different types of variables are serialized or encoded, they are unreadable for humans in a binary format. This number is expressed as hexadecimal that can easily be sent over wireless radio as it requires small amounts of data. <br />
<br />
The encoded message needs to be decoded on the side of the receiver. The receiver also needs to know the specific variable types in the message to properly decode the message. The [abovementioned tutorial](https://www.dfrobot.com/blog-1161.html) only walks you through setting up the Nanopb environemnt on your laptio and encoding a message. A [different tutorial by _dfrobot_ shows how to encode and decode messages between an Arduino and ESP32](http://dfrobot.blogspot.com/2019/02/esp32-arduino-tutorial-25-3-protocol.html). <br />
<br />
<br />
### References<br />
[^digikey-lora]: https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
[^dragino-lora]: https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield#What_is_the_Dragino_LoRa_Shield<br />
<br />
[^protob]: https://www.dfrobot.com/blog-1161.html</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Sensor_Data_Acquisition&diff=551Sensor Data Acquisition2021-03-23T19:36:40Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
## Light intensity sensing<br />
The [SP-110-SS apogee pyranometer](https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/sp-110-ss-self-powered-pyranometer/#product-tab-information) measures solar radiation flux density and outputs voltages. We can use these voltage values to make an algorithm that changes the position of the actuators to point the pole mount towards the sun.<br />
[[File:Sp-110-ss pyranometer.JPG|250px]]</br><br />
_SP-110-SS pyranometer_<br />
<br />
## Arduino Documentation</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=File:Sp-110-ss_pyranometer.JPG&diff=550File:Sp-110-ss pyranometer.JPG2021-03-23T19:35:34Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Sensor_Data_Acquisition&diff=549Sensor Data Acquisition2021-03-23T19:32:40Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
## Light intensity sensing<br />
The [SP-110-SS apogee pyranometer](https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/sp-110-ss-self-powered-pyranometer/#product-tab-information) measures solar radiation flux density and outputs voltages. We can use these voltage values to make an algorithm that changes the position of the actuators to point the pole mount towards the sun.<br />
<br />
## Arduino Documentation</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Electrical_Control_Unit&diff=548Electrical Control Unit2021-03-23T18:36:08Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The electrical control unit is a wireless communication system that monitors the battery voltage and broadcasts other information. Please refer to the [GitHub Repository "WoodlandHarvestControlSystem"](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem) for the code for all Arduinos. The over-the-air communication works on the LoRa system at 915 Mhz.</br><br />
<br />
If you feel lost regarding working with any sensors or boards used in the system, check Useful Guides section at the bottom of this page.</br><br />
__Feel free to change the code on the Arduinos and platforms. Visitors and students can get editing access to the repository from Leon Santen or Odalys Benitez.__<br />
<br />
# LoRaWAN network on the farm<br />
<br />
LoRa WAN is the internet-based version of LoRa. While LoRa communication only works between generally two devices, LoRa WAN can communicate between hundreds of devices by the means of a gateway. LoRa WAN consists of end-nodes and at least one gateway. Communication between the gateway and the nodes is bidirectional and based on LoRa radio communication. Refer to the [[LoRa research]] section for more info on how LoRa works and useful tutorials. This section is for on-the-farm system-specific information.<br />
[[File:LoRaWANSystemDiagram.JPG|750px]]<br />
<br />
On the Arduinos that are integrated into the system, we use the [Dragino LoRa shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield). In the image below, you can see how the pins on the Dragino LoRa shield are assigned. This is useful as not all pins on the shield are useable. This is especially important on Arduino Unos that don't have as many pins as the Arduino Megas.</br><br />
[[File:Lora board.JPG|500px]]</br><br />
_The Dragino LoRa shield. Blue-boxed pins are not used by the shield and are free to be used._<br />
<br />
## Gateway<br />
<br />
Our gateway is the [LG01-N Single Channel Gateway](https://www.seeedstudio.com/LG01-N-Single-Channel-LoRa-IoT-Gateway-p-2935.html).</br><br />
[[File:DraginoLG01-N.JPG|250px]]<br />
## Nodes<br />
<br />
The following nodes are curently in use:<br />
<br />
### master-arduino<br />
<br />
The master Arduino measures the battery voltage with the [Adafruit INA260](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4226?gclid=Cj0KCQiA4feBBhC9ARIsABp_nbUfI0ajLIOyZSA2bku_JZfo73gYy_W1wFGoZthBykCbWl1sPe3xmiYaAnboEALw_wcB) and broadcasts information wirelessly to the other Arduinos. The wireless system uses the [[LoRa research|LoRa protocol]] to communicate at 915 Mhz. For detailed information on what LoRa is and how it works, please refer to the [[LoRa research]] page. The diagram for states and communication codes is on [Whimsical](https://whimsical.com/rf-states-and-communication-codes-TEZgio2TPLtG5tm47541Hq). The prior link redirects you to the diagram.<br />
<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Sense and broadcast battery voltage<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- _float_ of battery voltage <br />
<br />
### client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
[[File:GlowingBucket.jpeg|250px]]</br><br />
_The glowing crystal indicates the batterie's charge status._<br />
</br><br />
<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Receive battery voltage and change colors to indicate battery status<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- NA<br />
<br />
#### Color legend<br />
<br />
- >= 27 V | Violet<br />
- between 25 and 27 V | __Green__<br />
- between 24.3 and 25 V | __Orange__<br />
- < 24.3 V | __Red__<br />
<br />
<br />
# Repository sections - coding comments<br />
<br />
_In this section, code-specific comments and tips can be written down for future collaboration if comments in the code don't feel appropriate._<br />
<br />
## master-arduino<br />
<br />
## client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
This unit receives the battery voltage from the master Arduino in the mudroom. Based on the voltage, the LED crystal shines in different colors.<br />
<br />
## anemometer<br />
<br />
We are using a Vortex wind sensor. One revolution per second equals 2.5 mph. Since our anemometer has a relay (a mechanical switch), it creates a _switch bounce_. Therefore, we need a debounce circuit.</br><br />
[[File:WindSpeed Porch Oct14.jpg|500px]]<br />
<br />
_A bug with the current code seems to be related to saving the dateTime string. The dateTime string is saved incorrectly when there should be a trailing 0 in front of the minute reading. I believe that the current code does not include an additional 0 to save minute readings below 10._<br />
<br />
# Opportunities to improve the system<br />
<br />
- We are currently supplying power to the Arduinos via USB. If we use efficient Buck converters from the batteries to the Arduinos, we might save some electricity.<br />
- install a gateway for a LoRa WAN network<br />
<br />
# Helpful tools and guides<br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
The [falstad online circuit simulator](https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html) is great to quickly test a circuit, check its output voltage or behavior.<br />
<br />
## Guides and tips<br />
<br />
__Real Time Clock Setup for SD3231__<br />
<br />
[Tutorial on arduino.com](https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/MisterBotBreak/how-to-use-a-real-time-clock-module-ds3231-bc90fe)<br />
<br />
[Download DS3231 library on GitHub](https://github.com/rodan/ds3231)<br />
<br />
__Data logging on SD-card__<br />
<br />
this [randomnerdtutorial.com](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-to-sd-card-module-with-arduino/) leads you through SD-card usage with an arduino.<br />
<br />
__Wireless communication with NRF24L01__<br />
<br />
We have [long-run antennas](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B06WLH4ZG6/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_image_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1) for wireless communication ([NRF24L01 Tutorial](https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-wireless-communication-nrf24l01-tutorial/)).</br><br />
You should solder a 10uf electrolytic capacitor between the power leads.<br />
<br />
How to connect several [SPI devices to Arduino](http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Multiple-SPI-devices-to-an-arduino-microcontroller.php).<br />
<br />
__Non-invasive AC Current Sensor ANSANE SCT-013-030__<br />
<br />
Outputs approximately 1 V for every 30 A.<br />
<br />
__LoRa Overview on Digikey__<br />
<br />
https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
__Voltage measuring with voltage divider circuit__<br />
<br />
For precise voltage measurements, it is recommended to use `(analogRead(pin) + 0.5) * 5.0 / 1024.0` [^preciseVoltage].<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^preciseVoltage]: http://www.skillbank.co.uk/arduino/measure.htm#:~:text=Precise%20voltage%20measurement%20with%20the,number%20between%200%20and%201023.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Electrical_Control_Unit&diff=547Electrical Control Unit2021-03-23T18:20:47Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The electrical control unit is a wireless communication system that monitors the battery voltage and broadcasts other information. Please refer to the [GitHub Repository "WoodlandHarvestControlSystem"](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem) for the code for all Arduinos. The over-the-air communication works on the LoRa system at 915 Mhz.</br><br />
<br />
If you feel lost regarding working with any sensors or boards used in the system, check Useful Guides section at the bottom of this page.</br><br />
__Feel free to change the code on the Arduinos and platforms. Visitors and students can get editing access to the repository from Leon Santen or Odalys Benitez.__<br />
<br />
# LoRaWAN network on the farm<br />
<br />
LoRa WAN is the internet-based version of LoRa. While LoRa communication only works between generally two devices, LoRa WAN can communicate between hundreds of devices by the means of a gateway. LoRa WAN consists of end-nodes and at least one gateway. Communication between the gateway and the nodes is bidirectional and based on LoRa radio communication. Refer to the [[LoRa research]] section for more info on how LoRa works and useful tutorials. This section is for on-the-farm system-specific information.<br />
[[File:LoRaWANSystemDiagram.JPG|750px]]<br />
<br />
On the Arduinos that are integrated into the system, we use the [Dragino LoRa shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield). In the image below, you can see how the pins on the Dragino LoRa shield are assigned. This is useful as not all pins on the shield are useable. This is especially important on Arduino Unos that don't have as many pins as the Arduino Megas.</br><br />
[[File:Lora board.JPG|500px]]</br><br />
_The Dragino LoRa shield. Blue-boxed pins are not used by the shield and are free to be used._<br />
<br />
## Gateway<br />
<br />
Our gateway is the [LG01-N Single Channel Gateway](https://www.seeedstudio.com/LG01-N-Single-Channel-LoRa-IoT-Gateway-p-2935.html).</br><br />
[[File:DraginoLG01-N.JPG|250px]]<br />
## Nodes<br />
<br />
The following nodes are curently in use:<br />
<br />
### master-arduino<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Sense and broadcast battery voltage<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- _float_ of battery voltage <br />
<br />
### client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
[[File:GlowingBucket.jpeg|250px]]</br><br />
_The glowing crystal indicates the batterie's charge status._<br />
</br><br />
<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Receive battery voltage and change colors to indicate battery status<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- NA<br />
<br />
#### Color legend<br />
<br />
- >= 27 V | Violet<br />
- between 25 and 27 V | __Green__<br />
- between 24.3 and 25 V | __Orange__<br />
- < 24.3 V | __Red__<br />
<br />
<br />
# Repository sections - coding comments<br />
<br />
_In this section, code-specific comments and tips can be written down for future collaboration if comments in the code don't feel appropriate._<br />
<br />
## master-arduino<br />
<br />
The master Arduino, also called a server, measures the battery voltage with the [Adafruit INA260](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4226?gclid=Cj0KCQiA4feBBhC9ARIsABp_nbUfI0ajLIOyZSA2bku_JZfo73gYy_W1wFGoZthBykCbWl1sPe3xmiYaAnboEALw_wcB) and broadcasts information wirelessly to the other Arduinos. The wireless system uses the [[LoRa research|LoRa protocol]] to communicate at 915 Mhz. For detailed information on what LoRa is and how it works, please refer to the [[LoRa research]] page. The diagram for states and communication codes is on [Whimsical](https://whimsical.com/rf-states-and-communication-codes-TEZgio2TPLtG5tm47541Hq). The prior link redirects you to the diagram.<br />
<br />
## client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
This unit receives the battery voltage from the master Arduino in the mudroom. Based on the voltage, the LED crystal shines in different colors.<br />
<br />
## anemometer<br />
<br />
We are using a Vortex wind sensor. One revolution per second equals 2.5 mph. Since our anemometer has a relay (a mechanical switch), it creates a _switch bounce_. Therefore, we need a debounce circuit.</br><br />
[[File:WindSpeed Porch Oct14.jpg|500px]]<br />
<br />
_A bug with the current code seems to be related to saving the dateTime string. The dateTime string is saved incorrectly when there should be a trailing 0 in front of the minute reading. I believe that the current code does not include an additional 0 to save minute readings below 10._<br />
<br />
# Opportunities to improve the system<br />
<br />
- We are currently supplying power to the Arduinos via USB. If we use efficient Buck converters from the batteries to the Arduinos, we might save some electricity.<br />
- install a gateway for a LoRa WAN network<br />
<br />
# Helpful tools and guides<br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
The [falstad online circuit simulator](https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html) is great to quickly test a circuit, check its output voltage or behavior.<br />
<br />
## Guides and tips<br />
<br />
__Real Time Clock Setup for SD3231__<br />
<br />
[Tutorial on arduino.com](https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/MisterBotBreak/how-to-use-a-real-time-clock-module-ds3231-bc90fe)<br />
<br />
[Download DS3231 library on GitHub](https://github.com/rodan/ds3231)<br />
<br />
__Data logging on SD-card__<br />
<br />
this [randomnerdtutorial.com](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-to-sd-card-module-with-arduino/) leads you through SD-card usage with an arduino.<br />
<br />
__Wireless communication with NRF24L01__<br />
<br />
We have [long-run antennas](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B06WLH4ZG6/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_image_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1) for wireless communication ([NRF24L01 Tutorial](https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-wireless-communication-nrf24l01-tutorial/)).</br><br />
You should solder a 10uf electrolytic capacitor between the power leads.<br />
<br />
How to connect several [SPI devices to Arduino](http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Multiple-SPI-devices-to-an-arduino-microcontroller.php).<br />
<br />
__Non-invasive AC Current Sensor ANSANE SCT-013-030__<br />
<br />
Outputs approximately 1 V for every 30 A.<br />
<br />
__LoRa Overview on Digikey__<br />
<br />
https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
__Voltage measuring with voltage divider circuit__<br />
<br />
For precise voltage measurements, it is recommended to use `(analogRead(pin) + 0.5) * 5.0 / 1024.0` [^preciseVoltage].<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^preciseVoltage]: http://www.skillbank.co.uk/arduino/measure.htm#:~:text=Precise%20voltage%20measurement%20with%20the,number%20between%200%20and%201023.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Electrical_Control_Unit&diff=546Electrical Control Unit2021-03-23T18:15:59Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The electrical control unit is a wireless communication system that monitors the battery voltage and broadcasts other information. Please refer to the [GitHub Repository "WoodlandHarvestControlSystem"](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem) for the code for all Arduinos. The over-the-air communication works on the LoRa system at 915 Mhz.</br><br />
<br />
If you feel lost regarding working with any sensors or boards used in the system, check Useful Guides section at the bottom of this page.</br><br />
__Feel free to change the code on the Arduinos and platforms. Visitors and students can get editing access to the repository from Leon Santen or Odalys Benitez.__<br />
<br />
# LoRaWAN network on the farm<br />
<br />
LoRa WAN is the internet-based version of LoRa. While LoRa communication only works between generally two devices, LoRa WAN can communicate between hundreds of devices by the means of a gateway. LoRa WAN consists of end-nodes and at least one gateway. Communication between the gateway and the nodes is bidirectional and based on LoRa radio communication. Refer to the [[LoRa research]] section for more info on how LoRa works and useful tutorials. This section is for on-the-farm system-specific information.<br />
[[File:LoRaWANSystemDiagram.JPG|750px]]<br />
<br />
On the Arduinos that are integrated into the system, we use the [Dragino LoRa shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield). In the image below, you can see how the pins on the Dragino LoRa shield are assigned. This is useful as not all pins on the shield are useable. This is especially important on Arduino Unos that don't have as many pins as the Arduino Megas.</br><br />
[[File:Lora board.JPG|500px]]</br><br />
_The Dragino LoRa shield. Blue-boxed pins are not used by the shield and are free to be used._<br />
<br />
## Gateway<br />
<br />
Our gateway is the [LG01-N Single Channel Gateway](https://www.seeedstudio.com/LG01-N-Single-Channel-LoRa-IoT-Gateway-p-2935.html).</br><br />
[[File:DraginoLG01-N.JPG|250px]]<br />
## Nodes<br />
<br />
The following nodes are curently in use:<br />
<br />
### master-arduino<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Sense and broadcast battery voltage<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- _float_ of battery voltage <br />
<br />
### client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
[[File:GlowingBucket.jpeg|250px]]</br><br />
_The glowing crystal indicates the batterie's charge status._</br><br />
<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Receive battery voltage and change colors to indicate battery status<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- NA<br />
<br />
<br />
# Repository Sections<br />
<br />
## master-arduino<br />
<br />
The master Arduino, also called a server, measures the battery voltage with the [Adafruit INA260](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4226?gclid=Cj0KCQiA4feBBhC9ARIsABp_nbUfI0ajLIOyZSA2bku_JZfo73gYy_W1wFGoZthBykCbWl1sPe3xmiYaAnboEALw_wcB) and broadcasts information wirelessly to the other Arduinos. The wireless system uses the [[LoRa research|LoRa protocol]] to communicate at 915 Mhz. For detailed information on what LoRa is and how it works, please refer to the [[LoRa research]] page. The diagram for states and communication codes is on [Whimsical](https://whimsical.com/rf-states-and-communication-codes-TEZgio2TPLtG5tm47541Hq). The prior link redirects you to the diagram.<br />
<br />
## client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
This unit receives the battery voltage from the master Arduino in the mudroom. Based on the voltage, the LED crystal shines in different colors.<br />
<br />
- >= 27 V | Violet<br />
- between 25 and 27 V | __Green__<br />
- between 24.3 and 25 V | __Orange__<br />
- < 24.3 V | __Red__<br />
<br />
## anemometer<br />
<br />
We are using a Vortex wind sensor. One revolution per second equals 2.5 mph. Since our anemometer has a relay (a mechanical switch), it creates a _switch bounce_. Therefore, we need a debounce circuit.</br><br />
[[File:WindSpeed Porch Oct14.jpg|500px]]<br />
<br />
_A bug with the current code seems to be related to saving the dateTime string. The dateTime string is saved incorrectly when there should be a trailing 0 in front of the minute reading. I believe that the current code does not include an additional 0 to save minute readings below 10._<br />
<br />
# Opportunities to improve the system<br />
<br />
- We are currently supplying power to the Arduinos via USB. If we use efficient Buck converters from the batteries to the Arduinos, we might save some electricity.<br />
- install a gateway for a LoRa WAN network<br />
<br />
# Helpful tools and guides<br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
The [falstad online circuit simulator](https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html) is great to quickly test a circuit, check its output voltage or behavior.<br />
<br />
# Guides and tips<br />
<br />
__Real Time Clock Setup for SD3231__<br />
<br />
[Tutorial on arduino.com](https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/MisterBotBreak/how-to-use-a-real-time-clock-module-ds3231-bc90fe)<br />
<br />
[Download DS3231 library on GitHub](https://github.com/rodan/ds3231)<br />
<br />
__Data logging on SD-card__<br />
<br />
this [randomnerdtutorial.com](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-to-sd-card-module-with-arduino/) leads you through SD-card usage with an arduino.<br />
<br />
__Wireless communication with NRF24L01__<br />
<br />
We have [long-run antennas](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B06WLH4ZG6/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_image_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1) for wireless communication ([NRF24L01 Tutorial](https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-wireless-communication-nrf24l01-tutorial/)).</br><br />
You should solder a 10uf electrolytic capacitor between the power leads.<br />
<br />
How to connect several [SPI devices to Arduino](http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Multiple-SPI-devices-to-an-arduino-microcontroller.php).<br />
<br />
__Non-invasive AC Current Sensor ANSANE SCT-013-030__<br />
<br />
Outputs approximately 1 V for every 30 A.<br />
<br />
__LoRa Overview on Digikey__<br />
<br />
https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
__Voltage measuring with voltage divider circuit__<br />
<br />
For precise voltage measurements, it is recommended to use `(analogRead(pin) + 0.5) * 5.0 / 1024.0` [^preciseVoltage].<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^preciseVoltage]: http://www.skillbank.co.uk/arduino/measure.htm#:~:text=Precise%20voltage%20measurement%20with%20the,number%20between%200%20and%201023.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=File:DraginoLG01-N.JPG&diff=545File:DraginoLG01-N.JPG2021-03-23T18:10:39Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Electrical_Control_Unit&diff=543Electrical Control Unit2021-03-23T02:02:04Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The electrical control unit is a wireless communication system that monitors the battery voltage and broadcasts other information. Please refer to the [GitHub Repository "WoodlandHarvestControlSystem"](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem) for the code for all Arduinos. The over-the-air communication works on the LoRa system at 915 Mhz.</br><br />
<br />
If you feel lost regarding working with any sensors or boards used in the system, check Useful Guides section at the bottom of this page.</br><br />
__Feel free to change the code on the Arduinos and platforms. Visitors and students can get editing access to the repository from Leon Santen or Odalys Benitez.__<br />
<br />
# LoRaWAN network on the farm<br />
<br />
LoRa WAN is the internet-based version of LoRa. While LoRa communication only works between generally two devices, LoRa WAN can communicate between hundreds of devices by the means of a gateway. LoRa WAN consists of end-nodes and at least one gateway. Communication between the gateway and the nodes is bidirectional and based on LoRa radio communication. Refer to the [[LoRa research]] section for more info on how LoRa works and useful tutorials. This section is for on-the-farm system-specific information.<br />
[[File:LoRaWANSystemDiagram.JPG|750px]]<br />
<br />
On the Arduinos that are integrated into the system, we use the [Dragino LoRa shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield). In the image below, you can see how the pins on the Dragino LoRa shield are assigned. This is useful as not all pins on the shield are useable. This is especially important on Arduino Unos that don't have as many pins as the Arduino Megas.</br><br />
[[File:Lora board.JPG|500px]]<br />
<br />
## Gateway<br />
<br />
Our gateway is the [LG01-N Single Channel Gateway](https://www.seeedstudio.com/LG01-N-Single-Channel-LoRa-IoT-Gateway-p-2935.html).<br />
## Nodes<br />
<br />
The following nodes are curently in use:<br />
<br />
### master-arduino<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Sense and broadcast battery voltage<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- _float_ of battery voltage <br />
<br />
### client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Receive battery voltage and change colors to indicate battery status<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- NA<br />
<br />
<br />
# Repository Sections<br />
<br />
## master-arduino<br />
<br />
The master Arduino, also called a server, measures the battery voltage with the [Adafruit INA260](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4226?gclid=Cj0KCQiA4feBBhC9ARIsABp_nbUfI0ajLIOyZSA2bku_JZfo73gYy_W1wFGoZthBykCbWl1sPe3xmiYaAnboEALw_wcB) and broadcasts information wirelessly to the other Arduinos. The wireless system uses the [[LoRa research|LoRa protocol]] to communicate at 915 Mhz. For detailed information on what LoRa is and how it works, please refer to the [[LoRa research]] page. The diagram for states and communication codes is on [Whimsical](https://whimsical.com/rf-states-and-communication-codes-TEZgio2TPLtG5tm47541Hq). The prior link redirects you to the diagram.<br />
<br />
## client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
This unit receives the battery voltage from the master Arduino in the mudroom. Based on the voltage, the LED crystal shines in different colors.<br />
<br />
- >= 27 V | Violet<br />
- between 25 and 27 V | __Green__<br />
- between 24.3 and 25 V | __Orange__<br />
- < 24.3 V | __Red__<br />
<br />
## anemometer<br />
<br />
We are using a Vortex wind sensor. One revolution per second equals 2.5 mph. Since our anemometer has a relay (a mechanical switch), it creates a _switch bounce_. Therefore, we need a debounce circuit.</br><br />
[[File:WindSpeed Porch Oct14.jpg|500px]]<br />
<br />
_A bug with the current code seems to be related to saving the dateTime string. The dateTime string is saved incorrectly when there should be a trailing 0 in front of the minute reading. I believe that the current code does not include an additional 0 to save minute readings below 10._<br />
<br />
# Opportunities to improve the system<br />
<br />
- We are currently supplying power to the Arduinos via USB. If we use efficient Buck converters from the batteries to the Arduinos, we might save some electricity.<br />
- install a gateway for a LoRa WAN network<br />
<br />
# Helpful tools and guides<br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
The [falstad online circuit simulator](https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html) is great to quickly test a circuit, check its output voltage or behavior.<br />
<br />
# Guides and tips<br />
<br />
__Real Time Clock Setup for SD3231__<br />
<br />
[Tutorial on arduino.com](https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/MisterBotBreak/how-to-use-a-real-time-clock-module-ds3231-bc90fe)<br />
<br />
[Download DS3231 library on GitHub](https://github.com/rodan/ds3231)<br />
<br />
__Data logging on SD-card__<br />
<br />
this [randomnerdtutorial.com](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-to-sd-card-module-with-arduino/) leads you through SD-card usage with an arduino.<br />
<br />
__Wireless communication with NRF24L01__<br />
<br />
We have [long-run antennas](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B06WLH4ZG6/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_image_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1) for wireless communication ([NRF24L01 Tutorial](https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-wireless-communication-nrf24l01-tutorial/)).</br><br />
You should solder a 10uf electrolytic capacitor between the power leads.<br />
<br />
How to connect several [SPI devices to Arduino](http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Multiple-SPI-devices-to-an-arduino-microcontroller.php).<br />
<br />
__Non-invasive AC Current Sensor ANSANE SCT-013-030__<br />
<br />
Outputs approximately 1 V for every 30 A.<br />
<br />
__LoRa Overview on Digikey__<br />
<br />
https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
__Voltage measuring with voltage divider circuit__<br />
<br />
For precise voltage measurements, it is recommended to use `(analogRead(pin) + 0.5) * 5.0 / 1024.0` [^preciseVoltage].<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^preciseVoltage]: http://www.skillbank.co.uk/arduino/measure.htm#:~:text=Precise%20voltage%20measurement%20with%20the,number%20between%200%20and%201023.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Electrical_Control_Unit&diff=542Electrical Control Unit2021-03-23T02:01:52Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The electrical control unit is a wireless communication system that monitors the battery voltage and broadcasts other information. Please refer to the [GitHub Repository "WoodlandHarvestControlSystem"](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem) for the code for all Arduinos. The over-the-air communication works on the LoRa system at 915 Mhz.</br><br />
<br />
If you feel lost regarding working with any sensors or boards used in the system, check Useful Guides section at the bottom of this page.</br><br />
__Feel free to change the code on the Arduinos and platforms. Visitors and students can get editing access to the repository from Leon Santen or Odalys Benitez.__<br />
<br />
# LoRaWAN network on the farm<br />
<br />
LoRa WAN is the internet-based version of LoRa. While LoRa communication only works between generally two devices, LoRa WAN can communicate between hundreds of devices by the means of a gateway. LoRa WAN consists of end-nodes and at least one gateway. Communication between the gateway and the nodes is bidirectional and based on LoRa radio communication. Refer to the [[LoRa research]] section for more info on how LoRa works and useful tutorials. This section is for on-the-farm system-specific information.<br />
[[File:LoRaWANSystemDiagram.JPG|7500px]]<br />
<br />
On the Arduinos that are integrated into the system, we use the [Dragino LoRa shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield). In the image below, you can see how the pins on the Dragino LoRa shield are assigned. This is useful as not all pins on the shield are useable. This is especially important on Arduino Unos that don't have as many pins as the Arduino Megas.</br><br />
[[File:Lora board.JPG|500px]]<br />
<br />
## Gateway<br />
<br />
Our gateway is the [LG01-N Single Channel Gateway](https://www.seeedstudio.com/LG01-N-Single-Channel-LoRa-IoT-Gateway-p-2935.html).<br />
## Nodes<br />
<br />
The following nodes are curently in use:<br />
<br />
### master-arduino<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Sense and broadcast battery voltage<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- _float_ of battery voltage <br />
<br />
### client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Receive battery voltage and change colors to indicate battery status<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- NA<br />
<br />
<br />
# Repository Sections<br />
<br />
## master-arduino<br />
<br />
The master Arduino, also called a server, measures the battery voltage with the [Adafruit INA260](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4226?gclid=Cj0KCQiA4feBBhC9ARIsABp_nbUfI0ajLIOyZSA2bku_JZfo73gYy_W1wFGoZthBykCbWl1sPe3xmiYaAnboEALw_wcB) and broadcasts information wirelessly to the other Arduinos. The wireless system uses the [[LoRa research|LoRa protocol]] to communicate at 915 Mhz. For detailed information on what LoRa is and how it works, please refer to the [[LoRa research]] page. The diagram for states and communication codes is on [Whimsical](https://whimsical.com/rf-states-and-communication-codes-TEZgio2TPLtG5tm47541Hq). The prior link redirects you to the diagram.<br />
<br />
## client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
This unit receives the battery voltage from the master Arduino in the mudroom. Based on the voltage, the LED crystal shines in different colors.<br />
<br />
- >= 27 V | Violet<br />
- between 25 and 27 V | __Green__<br />
- between 24.3 and 25 V | __Orange__<br />
- < 24.3 V | __Red__<br />
<br />
## anemometer<br />
<br />
We are using a Vortex wind sensor. One revolution per second equals 2.5 mph. Since our anemometer has a relay (a mechanical switch), it creates a _switch bounce_. Therefore, we need a debounce circuit.</br><br />
[[File:WindSpeed Porch Oct14.jpg|500px]]<br />
<br />
_A bug with the current code seems to be related to saving the dateTime string. The dateTime string is saved incorrectly when there should be a trailing 0 in front of the minute reading. I believe that the current code does not include an additional 0 to save minute readings below 10._<br />
<br />
# Opportunities to improve the system<br />
<br />
- We are currently supplying power to the Arduinos via USB. If we use efficient Buck converters from the batteries to the Arduinos, we might save some electricity.<br />
- install a gateway for a LoRa WAN network<br />
<br />
# Helpful tools and guides<br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
The [falstad online circuit simulator](https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html) is great to quickly test a circuit, check its output voltage or behavior.<br />
<br />
# Guides and tips<br />
<br />
__Real Time Clock Setup for SD3231__<br />
<br />
[Tutorial on arduino.com](https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/MisterBotBreak/how-to-use-a-real-time-clock-module-ds3231-bc90fe)<br />
<br />
[Download DS3231 library on GitHub](https://github.com/rodan/ds3231)<br />
<br />
__Data logging on SD-card__<br />
<br />
this [randomnerdtutorial.com](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-to-sd-card-module-with-arduino/) leads you through SD-card usage with an arduino.<br />
<br />
__Wireless communication with NRF24L01__<br />
<br />
We have [long-run antennas](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B06WLH4ZG6/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_image_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1) for wireless communication ([NRF24L01 Tutorial](https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-wireless-communication-nrf24l01-tutorial/)).</br><br />
You should solder a 10uf electrolytic capacitor between the power leads.<br />
<br />
How to connect several [SPI devices to Arduino](http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Multiple-SPI-devices-to-an-arduino-microcontroller.php).<br />
<br />
__Non-invasive AC Current Sensor ANSANE SCT-013-030__<br />
<br />
Outputs approximately 1 V for every 30 A.<br />
<br />
__LoRa Overview on Digikey__<br />
<br />
https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
__Voltage measuring with voltage divider circuit__<br />
<br />
For precise voltage measurements, it is recommended to use `(analogRead(pin) + 0.5) * 5.0 / 1024.0` [^preciseVoltage].<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^preciseVoltage]: http://www.skillbank.co.uk/arduino/measure.htm#:~:text=Precise%20voltage%20measurement%20with%20the,number%20between%200%20and%201023.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Electrical_Control_Unit&diff=541Electrical Control Unit2021-03-23T02:01:26Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The electrical control unit is a wireless communication system that monitors the battery voltage and broadcasts other information. Please refer to the [GitHub Repository "WoodlandHarvestControlSystem"](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem) for the code for all Arduinos. The over-the-air communication works on the LoRa system at 915 Mhz.</br><br />
<br />
If you feel lost regarding working with any sensors or boards used in the system, check Useful Guides section at the bottom of this page.</br><br />
__Feel free to change the code on the Arduinos and platforms. Visitors and students can get editing access to the repository from Leon Santen or Odalys Benitez.__<br />
<br />
# LoRaWAN network on the farm<br />
<br />
LoRa WAN is the internet-based version of LoRa. While LoRa communication only works between generally two devices, LoRa WAN can communicate between hundreds of devices by the means of a gateway. LoRa WAN consists of end-nodes and at least one gateway. Communication between the gateway and the nodes is bidirectional and based on LoRa radio communication. Refer to the [[LoRa research]] section for more info on how LoRa works and useful tutorials. This section is for on-the-farm system-specific information.<br />
[[File:LoRaWANSystemDiagram.JPG|500px]]<br />
<br />
On the Arduinos that are integrated into the system, we use the [Dragino LoRa shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield). In the image below, you can see how the pins on the Dragino LoRa shield are assigned. This is useful as not all pins on the shield are useable. This is especially important on Arduino Unos that don't have as many pins as the Arduino Megas.</br><br />
[[File:Lora board.JPG|500px]]<br />
<br />
## Gateway<br />
<br />
Our gateway is the [LG01-N Single Channel Gateway](https://www.seeedstudio.com/LG01-N-Single-Channel-LoRa-IoT-Gateway-p-2935.html).<br />
## Nodes<br />
<br />
The following nodes are curently in use:<br />
<br />
### master-arduino<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Sense and broadcast battery voltage<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- _float_ of battery voltage <br />
<br />
### client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Receive battery voltage and change colors to indicate battery status<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- NA<br />
<br />
<br />
# Repository Sections<br />
<br />
## master-arduino<br />
<br />
The master Arduino, also called a server, measures the battery voltage with the [Adafruit INA260](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4226?gclid=Cj0KCQiA4feBBhC9ARIsABp_nbUfI0ajLIOyZSA2bku_JZfo73gYy_W1wFGoZthBykCbWl1sPe3xmiYaAnboEALw_wcB) and broadcasts information wirelessly to the other Arduinos. The wireless system uses the [[LoRa research|LoRa protocol]] to communicate at 915 Mhz. For detailed information on what LoRa is and how it works, please refer to the [[LoRa research]] page. The diagram for states and communication codes is on [Whimsical](https://whimsical.com/rf-states-and-communication-codes-TEZgio2TPLtG5tm47541Hq). The prior link redirects you to the diagram.<br />
<br />
## client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
This unit receives the battery voltage from the master Arduino in the mudroom. Based on the voltage, the LED crystal shines in different colors.<br />
<br />
- >= 27 V | Violet<br />
- between 25 and 27 V | __Green__<br />
- between 24.3 and 25 V | __Orange__<br />
- < 24.3 V | __Red__<br />
<br />
## anemometer<br />
<br />
We are using a Vortex wind sensor. One revolution per second equals 2.5 mph. Since our anemometer has a relay (a mechanical switch), it creates a _switch bounce_. Therefore, we need a debounce circuit.</br><br />
[[File:WindSpeed Porch Oct14.jpg|500px]]<br />
<br />
_A bug with the current code seems to be related to saving the dateTime string. The dateTime string is saved incorrectly when there should be a trailing 0 in front of the minute reading. I believe that the current code does not include an additional 0 to save minute readings below 10._<br />
<br />
# Opportunities to improve the system<br />
<br />
- We are currently supplying power to the Arduinos via USB. If we use efficient Buck converters from the batteries to the Arduinos, we might save some electricity.<br />
- install a gateway for a LoRa WAN network<br />
<br />
# Helpful tools and guides<br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
The [falstad online circuit simulator](https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html) is great to quickly test a circuit, check its output voltage or behavior.<br />
<br />
# Guides and tips<br />
<br />
__Real Time Clock Setup for SD3231__<br />
<br />
[Tutorial on arduino.com](https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/MisterBotBreak/how-to-use-a-real-time-clock-module-ds3231-bc90fe)<br />
<br />
[Download DS3231 library on GitHub](https://github.com/rodan/ds3231)<br />
<br />
__Data logging on SD-card__<br />
<br />
this [randomnerdtutorial.com](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-to-sd-card-module-with-arduino/) leads you through SD-card usage with an arduino.<br />
<br />
__Wireless communication with NRF24L01__<br />
<br />
We have [long-run antennas](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B06WLH4ZG6/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_image_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1) for wireless communication ([NRF24L01 Tutorial](https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-wireless-communication-nrf24l01-tutorial/)).</br><br />
You should solder a 10uf electrolytic capacitor between the power leads.<br />
<br />
How to connect several [SPI devices to Arduino](http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Multiple-SPI-devices-to-an-arduino-microcontroller.php).<br />
<br />
__Non-invasive AC Current Sensor ANSANE SCT-013-030__<br />
<br />
Outputs approximately 1 V for every 30 A.<br />
<br />
__LoRa Overview on Digikey__<br />
<br />
https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
__Voltage measuring with voltage divider circuit__<br />
<br />
For precise voltage measurements, it is recommended to use `(analogRead(pin) + 0.5) * 5.0 / 1024.0` [^preciseVoltage].<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^preciseVoltage]: http://www.skillbank.co.uk/arduino/measure.htm#:~:text=Precise%20voltage%20measurement%20with%20the,number%20between%200%20and%201023.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=File:LoRaWANSystemDiagram.JPG&diff=540File:LoRaWANSystemDiagram.JPG2021-03-23T01:59:20Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=LoRa_research&diff=538LoRa research2021-03-23T01:50:09Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>LoRa technology was developed by a company called Semtech and it is a new wireless protocol designed specifically for long-range, low-power communications. LoRa stands for Long Range Radio and is mainly targeted for M2M and IoT (internet of things) networks [^digikey-lora]. In the US, LoRa communication works on 915 Mhz, which is a license free spectrum. <br />
<br />
For different types of Arduino, we can use a long-range transceiver LoRa shield called the [Dragino shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield)[^dragino-lora].<br />
<br />
## LoRa<br />
For a large amount of differently placed sensors and devices, it is recommended to set up a LoRaWAN network. However, if you seek to establish simple device-to-device communication for a separate system, LoRa with the RadioHead library works great.<br />
<br />
The RadioHead library from [www.airspayce.com](http://www.airspayce.com/mikem/arduino/RadioHead/) works for communication between two devices, a server and a client. If you want to install the RadioHead library, click on the link with the ending _.zip_ on the previously mentioned website.</br><br />
Then, add the library to your Arduino IDE. Once added, you can open the example file under examples --> radiohead --> rf95 --> client or server</br> <br />
In the (example) sketch, make sure to assign LED to something other than 9. If set to 9, the restart of the LoRa board will be triggered.<br />
<br />
## LoRa WAN<br />
<br />
LoRa WAN is the internet-based version of LoRa. While LoRa communication only works between generally two devices, LoRa WAN can communicate between hundreds of devices by the means of a gateway. LoRa WAN consists of end-nodes and at least one gateway. Communication between the gateway and the nodes is bidirectional and based on LoRa radio communication. <br />
<br />
__List of tutorial videos on some useful related LoRa WAN subjects__<br />
<br />
[Different device types - Class A,B,C - Youtube tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShJ5RERof5I)</br><br />
[Fresnel zone](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWOivbJjw7s)</br><br />
[EIRP and ERP](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEucMthGJtc)</br><br />
[RSSI and SNR](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpTw1fGhI68)</br><br />
[LoRa Packet Format, Time on Air and Adaptive Data Rate](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_Rh5GSENA4)</br><br />
[Different types of LoRa chips](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FaFVD5fedc&list=PLmL13yqb6OxdeOi97EvI8QeO8o-PqeQ0g&index=18)</br><br />
[LoRa End Node Libraries](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dnnqToK28A&list=PLmL13yqb6OxdeOi97EvI8QeO8o-PqeQ0g&index=20)<br />
<br />
<br />
## Nanopb protocol buffer<br />
<br />
Protocol buffers are a data serialization format from Google which are supported in multiple programming languages. Protocol Buffers messages are encoded in a binary format, which means they are not human-readable unless we decode them back to a readable format. One of the main advantages of using Protocol Buffers is that the serialization and deserialization process is fast and the generated messages are small.[^protob] _Nanopb_ is a version of the protocol buffer in the programming language C, which works well with 32 bit systems such as the Arduino. <br />
<br />
This [_dfrobot_ tutorial](https://www.dfrobot.com/blog-1161.html) leads you through installing the Nanopb library and compiler on your laptop. You can use [this online proto buffer decoder](https://protogen.marcgravell.com/decode) to decode proto buffer messages that were encoded for sending. <br />
<br />
The Nanopb library needs a `.proto` file that clarifies the variables that will be serialized. Once, the different types of variables are serialized or encoded, they are unreadable for humans in a binary format. This number is expressed as hexadecimal that can easily be sent over wireless radio as it requires small amounts of data. <br />
<br />
The encoded message needs to be decoded on the side of the receiver. The receiver also needs to know the specific variable types in the message to properly decode the message. The [abovementioned tutorial](https://www.dfrobot.com/blog-1161.html) only walks you through setting up the Nanopb environemnt on your laptio and encoding a message. A [different tutorial by _dfrobot_ shows how to encode and decode messages between an Arduino and ESP32](http://dfrobot.blogspot.com/2019/02/esp32-arduino-tutorial-25-3-protocol.html). <br />
<br />
<br />
### References<br />
[^digikey-lora]: https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
[^dragino-lora]: https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield#What_is_the_Dragino_LoRa_Shield<br />
<br />
[^protob]: https://www.dfrobot.com/blog-1161.html</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Robotics_in_Rural_Living_ISRG&diff=537Robotics in Rural Living ISRG2021-03-23T01:48:46Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>_This page is for notes for an independent robotics study by Odalys Benitez and Leon Santen. Our final project is to build a pan-tilt mechanism for a solar panel array on Woodland Harvest Mountain Farm._<br />
<br />
##Foundation Research<br />
<br />
[[LoRa research]]</br><br />
This page is a collection of research insights around LoRa and useful communication tips.<br />
<br />
[[Pan-tilt mechanism research]]</br><br />
This page is a gathering of potential components and calculations around the solar panel pan-tilt mechanism.<br />
<br />
[[Sensor Data Acquisition]]</br><br />
This page is a combination of different resources for learning how to obtain solar radiation data from an Apogee Pyranometer and how to make this data inform actuator position<br />
<br />
##Project Documentation<br />
<br />
[[Pan-Tilt System for Solar Array]]</br><br />
This page is documentation of our work on the pan-tilt mechanism. It provides tips and info for future students and visitors. <br />
<br />
[[Electrical Control Unit]]</br><br />
This page documents the wireless communication system that monitors the electrical system. It includes the GitHub repository, and tips around coding and using sensors.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Electrical_Control_Unit&diff=536Electrical Control Unit2021-03-23T01:48:21Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The electrical control unit is a wireless communication system that monitors the battery voltage and broadcasts other information. Please refer to the [GitHub Repository "WoodlandHarvestControlSystem"](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem) for the code for all Arduinos. The over-the-air communication works on the LoRa system at 915 Mhz.</br><br />
<br />
If you feel lost regarding working with any sensors or boards used in the system, check Useful Guides section at the bottom of this page.</br><br />
__Feel free to change the code on the Arduinos and platforms. Visitors and students can get editing access to the repository from Leon Santen or Odalys Benitez.__<br />
<br />
# LoRaWAN network on the farm<br />
<br />
LoRa WAN is the internet-based version of LoRa. While LoRa communication only works between generally two devices, LoRa WAN can communicate between hundreds of devices by the means of a gateway. LoRa WAN consists of end-nodes and at least one gateway. Communication between the gateway and the nodes is bidirectional and based on LoRa radio communication. Refer to the [[LoRa research]] section for more info on how LoRa works and useful tutorials. This section is for on-the-farm system-specific information.<br />
<br />
On the Arduinos that are integrated into the system, we use the [Dragino LoRa shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield). In the image below, you can see how the pins on the Dragino LoRa shield are assigned. This is useful as not all pins on the shield are useable. This is especially important on Arduino Unos that don't have as many pins as the Arduino Megas.</br><br />
[[File:Lora board.JPG|500px]]<br />
<br />
## Gateway<br />
<br />
Our gateway is the [LG01-N Single Channel Gateway](https://www.seeedstudio.com/LG01-N-Single-Channel-LoRa-IoT-Gateway-p-2935.html).<br />
## Nodes<br />
<br />
The following nodes are curently in use:<br />
<br />
### master-arduino<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Sense and broadcast battery voltage<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- _float_ of battery voltage <br />
<br />
### client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
Purpose:</br><br />
- Receive battery voltage and change colors to indicate battery status<br />
<br />
Data transmission:</br><br />
- NA<br />
<br />
<br />
# Repository Sections<br />
<br />
## master-arduino<br />
<br />
The master Arduino, also called a server, measures the battery voltage with the [Adafruit INA260](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4226?gclid=Cj0KCQiA4feBBhC9ARIsABp_nbUfI0ajLIOyZSA2bku_JZfo73gYy_W1wFGoZthBykCbWl1sPe3xmiYaAnboEALw_wcB) and broadcasts information wirelessly to the other Arduinos. The wireless system uses the [[LoRa research|LoRa protocol]] to communicate at 915 Mhz. For detailed information on what LoRa is and how it works, please refer to the [[LoRa research]] page. The diagram for states and communication codes is on [Whimsical](https://whimsical.com/rf-states-and-communication-codes-TEZgio2TPLtG5tm47541Hq). The prior link redirects you to the diagram.<br />
<br />
## client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
This unit receives the battery voltage from the master Arduino in the mudroom. Based on the voltage, the LED crystal shines in different colors.<br />
<br />
- >= 27 V | Violet<br />
- between 25 and 27 V | __Green__<br />
- between 24.3 and 25 V | __Orange__<br />
- < 24.3 V | __Red__<br />
<br />
## anemometer<br />
<br />
We are using a Vortex wind sensor. One revolution per second equals 2.5 mph. Since our anemometer has a relay (a mechanical switch), it creates a _switch bounce_. Therefore, we need a debounce circuit.</br><br />
[[File:WindSpeed Porch Oct14.jpg|500px]]<br />
<br />
_A bug with the current code seems to be related to saving the dateTime string. The dateTime string is saved incorrectly when there should be a trailing 0 in front of the minute reading. I believe that the current code does not include an additional 0 to save minute readings below 10._<br />
<br />
# Opportunities to improve the system<br />
<br />
- We are currently supplying power to the Arduinos via USB. If we use efficient Buck converters from the batteries to the Arduinos, we might save some electricity.<br />
- install a gateway for a LoRa WAN network<br />
<br />
# Helpful tools and guides<br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
The [falstad online circuit simulator](https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html) is great to quickly test a circuit, check its output voltage or behavior.<br />
<br />
# Guides and tips<br />
<br />
__Real Time Clock Setup for SD3231__<br />
<br />
[Tutorial on arduino.com](https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/MisterBotBreak/how-to-use-a-real-time-clock-module-ds3231-bc90fe)<br />
<br />
[Download DS3231 library on GitHub](https://github.com/rodan/ds3231)<br />
<br />
__Data logging on SD-card__<br />
<br />
this [randomnerdtutorial.com](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-to-sd-card-module-with-arduino/) leads you through SD-card usage with an arduino.<br />
<br />
__Wireless communication with NRF24L01__<br />
<br />
We have [long-run antennas](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B06WLH4ZG6/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_image_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1) for wireless communication ([NRF24L01 Tutorial](https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-wireless-communication-nrf24l01-tutorial/)).</br><br />
You should solder a 10uf electrolytic capacitor between the power leads.<br />
<br />
How to connect several [SPI devices to Arduino](http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Multiple-SPI-devices-to-an-arduino-microcontroller.php).<br />
<br />
__Non-invasive AC Current Sensor ANSANE SCT-013-030__<br />
<br />
Outputs approximately 1 V for every 30 A.<br />
<br />
__LoRa Overview on Digikey__<br />
<br />
https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
__Voltage measuring with voltage divider circuit__<br />
<br />
For precise voltage measurements, it is recommended to use `(analogRead(pin) + 0.5) * 5.0 / 1024.0` [^preciseVoltage].<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^preciseVoltage]: http://www.skillbank.co.uk/arduino/measure.htm#:~:text=Precise%20voltage%20measurement%20with%20the,number%20between%200%20and%201023.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Electrical_Control_Unit&diff=535Electrical Control Unit2021-03-23T01:44:17Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The electrical control unit is a wireless communication system that monitors the battery voltage and broadcasts other information. Please refer to the [GitHub Repository "WoodlandHarvestControlSystem"](https://github.com/LSanten/WoodlandHarvestControlSystem) for the code for all Arduinos. The over-the-air communication works on the LoRa system at 915 Mhz.</br><br />
<br />
If you feel lost regarding working with any sensors or boards used in the system, check Useful Guides section at the bottom of this page.</br><br />
__Feel free to change the code on the Arduinos and platforms. Visitors and students can get editing access to the repository from Leon Santen or Odalys Benitez.__<br />
<br />
# LoRaWAN network on the farm<br />
<br />
LoRa WAN is the internet-based version of LoRa. While LoRa communication only works between generally two devices, LoRa WAN can communicate between hundreds of devices by the means of a gateway. LoRa WAN consists of end-nodes and at least one gateway. Communication between the gateway and the nodes is bidirectional and based on LoRa radio communication. Refer to the [[LoRa research]] section for more info on the general LoRa system. This section is for system-specific information.<br />
<br />
On the Arduinos that are integrated into the system, we use the [Dragino LoRa shield](https://wiki.dragino.com/index.php?title=Lora_Shield). In the image below, you can see how the pins on the Dragino LoRa shield are assigned. This is useful as not all pins on the shield are useable. This is especially important on Arduino Unos that don't have as many pins as the Arduino Megas.</br><br />
[[File:Lora board.JPG|500px]]<br />
<br />
## Gateway<br />
<br />
Our gateway is the [LG01-N Single Channel Gateway](https://www.seeedstudio.com/LG01-N-Single-Channel-LoRa-IoT-Gateway-p-2935.html).<br />
## Nodes<br />
<br />
The following nodes are curently in use:<br />
<br />
### master-arduino<br />
<br />
### client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
<br />
# Repository Sections<br />
<br />
## master-arduino<br />
<br />
The master Arduino, also called a server, measures the battery voltage with the [Adafruit INA260](https://www.adafruit.com/product/4226?gclid=Cj0KCQiA4feBBhC9ARIsABp_nbUfI0ajLIOyZSA2bku_JZfo73gYy_W1wFGoZthBykCbWl1sPe3xmiYaAnboEALw_wcB) and broadcasts information wirelessly to the other Arduinos. The wireless system uses the [[LoRa research|LoRa protocol]] to communicate at 915 Mhz. For detailed information on what LoRa is and how it works, please refer to the [[LoRa research]] page. The diagram for states and communication codes is on [Whimsical](https://whimsical.com/rf-states-and-communication-codes-TEZgio2TPLtG5tm47541Hq). The prior link redirects you to the diagram.<br />
<br />
## client_arduino_responsive-light<br />
This unit receives the battery voltage from the master Arduino in the mudroom. Based on the voltage, the LED crystal shines in different colors.<br />
<br />
- >= 27 V | Violet<br />
- between 25 and 27 V | __Green__<br />
- between 24.3 and 25 V | __Orange__<br />
- < 24.3 V | __Red__<br />
<br />
## anemometer<br />
<br />
We are using a Vortex wind sensor. One revolution per second equals 2.5 mph. Since our anemometer has a relay (a mechanical switch), it creates a _switch bounce_. Therefore, we need a debounce circuit.</br><br />
[[File:WindSpeed Porch Oct14.jpg|500px]]<br />
<br />
_A bug with the current code seems to be related to saving the dateTime string. The dateTime string is saved incorrectly when there should be a trailing 0 in front of the minute reading. I believe that the current code does not include an additional 0 to save minute readings below 10._<br />
<br />
# Opportunities to improve the system<br />
<br />
- We are currently supplying power to the Arduinos via USB. If we use efficient Buck converters from the batteries to the Arduinos, we might save some electricity.<br />
- install a gateway for a LoRa WAN network<br />
<br />
# Helpful tools and guides<br />
<br />
## Tools<br />
<br />
The [falstad online circuit simulator](https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html) is great to quickly test a circuit, check its output voltage or behavior.<br />
<br />
# Guides and tips<br />
<br />
__Real Time Clock Setup for SD3231__<br />
<br />
[Tutorial on arduino.com](https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/MisterBotBreak/how-to-use-a-real-time-clock-module-ds3231-bc90fe)<br />
<br />
[Download DS3231 library on GitHub](https://github.com/rodan/ds3231)<br />
<br />
__Data logging on SD-card__<br />
<br />
this [randomnerdtutorial.com](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-to-sd-card-module-with-arduino/) leads you through SD-card usage with an arduino.<br />
<br />
__Wireless communication with NRF24L01__<br />
<br />
We have [long-run antennas](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B06WLH4ZG6/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_image_o06_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1) for wireless communication ([NRF24L01 Tutorial](https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-wireless-communication-nrf24l01-tutorial/)).</br><br />
You should solder a 10uf electrolytic capacitor between the power leads.<br />
<br />
How to connect several [SPI devices to Arduino](http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Multiple-SPI-devices-to-an-arduino-microcontroller.php).<br />
<br />
__Non-invasive AC Current Sensor ANSANE SCT-013-030__<br />
<br />
Outputs approximately 1 V for every 30 A.<br />
<br />
__LoRa Overview on Digikey__<br />
<br />
https://www.digikey.com/en/maker/blogs/introduction-to-lora-technology<br />
<br />
__Voltage measuring with voltage divider circuit__<br />
<br />
For precise voltage measurements, it is recommended to use `(analogRead(pin) + 0.5) * 5.0 / 1024.0` [^preciseVoltage].<br />
<br />
<br />
## References<br />
<br />
[^preciseVoltage]: http://www.skillbank.co.uk/arduino/measure.htm#:~:text=Precise%20voltage%20measurement%20with%20the,number%20between%200%20and%201023.</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-tilt_mechanism_research&diff=532Pan-tilt mechanism research2021-03-18T19:26:56Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The individual solar panels have an aspect ratio of 1:2 (62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches).<br />
<br />
There is a large variety of solar panel pan-tilt mechanisms. Here you can find a [general overview of various solar panel tracker ideas](https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/are-solar-axis-trackers-worth-the-additional-investment). </br>[SunWize](https://www.sunwize.com/application-item/solar-panel-mounts/) has a large number of solar panel connectors and brackets. [Solar Electric](https://www.solar-electric.com/residential/panel-mounts-trackers/pole-mounts.html) has pole mounts.<br />
<br />
## Linear actuation - potential design one<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [ECO-worthy linear actuator controller](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00JYAIS9W/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_fabc_PGWD9GZZN7953B59Y202?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1)<br />
<br />
This design does not have a rotational mechanism, but two linear actuators and three hinges. The hinges permit it to tilt in different directions, simulating a rotation. <br />
<br />
[[File:ECO-worthy_mechanism_breakdown.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Linear_actuator_motion.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Actuatordesign_materials.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros:<br />
<br />
- Linear actuators can resist change in motion i.e. when you power them to a certain position, they will stay there and not consume extra power. <br />
- Linear actuators are somewhat cheap <br />
- All materials for this design can be bought locally, like Lowe's <br />
- Existing template for this design exists. Maximum load with their actuator and trigonometry is 330 lbs, which is more than enough to carry five solar panels. (We don't have to calculate torque)<br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- Linear actuators don't have encoders, so we would need to attach a position sensor or accelerometer to the motor.<br />
<br />
Same linear actuators can be found on Banggood [Linear actuators](https://usa.banggood.com/1500N-12V-4681012-inch-Linear-Actuator-Adjustable-Actuator-Tor-Opener-Linear-Actuator-Motor-p-1115476.html?cur_warehouse=CN&ID=566086&rmmds=search)<br />
<br />
## Rotational actuation - Potential Design Two<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [Simplified Solar Panel Pan-Tilt](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:53321)<br />
<br />
This design is cute and can be completed as a benchtop experiment. We would calculate the torque to rotate our mass, and then we would program servo rotation with an Arduino. We would need someone to 3-D print the gears and send them to us. <br />
<br />
To tilt the solar panels during the day, we could mount them to a rod and rotate the rod, similar to [this mount](https://www.ecodirect.com/Tamarack-Solar-UNI-PGRM-5P1-Top-of-Pole-Mount-p/tamarack-uni-pgrm-5p1.htm?gclid=Cj0KCQjw8fr7BRDSARIsAK0Qqr4xHvMvIqFGFAXQsrLIevLGQ5ZELeIHdAVhUrD0vjdXkz8LiQ_oPp0aAuqpEALw_wcB).<br />
<br />
[[File:Simplified_Pan-Tilt.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros and possibly also cons:<br />
<br />
- We can play around with gear ratios and design to have a super precise movement<br />
- We have to find motors<br />
- It would be a massive mechanical display <br />
- We can use encoders, which would make programming easier in the long run. <br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- It might require sourcing someone for CNC or lathe use<br />
- We don't know what issues we might run into scaling up such a design<br />
<br />
## Wind drag on solar panel plate <br />
<br />
The calculation below considers the strongest hurricane wind conditions of around 18 m/s (~40 mph) in North Carolina. We calculated a maximum force of 7835 N (1761.378 lb) on the five solar panels. <br />
<br />
[[File:Dragforceonsolarpanels_1.jpg|border|thumb|drag force on five solar panels at varying angles approximated]]<br />
<br />
F = 1/2 * p * v^2 * A * 2pi * sin(alpha); (p - density of air, v - wind speed, 2pi sin(a) - drag coefficient); density of 10 celsius air - 1.246 kg/m^3; <br><br />
solar panel dimension - 62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches - 1.58m x 0.8m x 0.0355; area = 1.264 m^2<br><br />
__Lift on all five panels__: F = 0.5 * 1.246 kg/m^3 * (17.8 m/s)^2 * 1.264 m^2 * 5 * 2pi * sin(a) <= __7835 N__</div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Additional_Solar_Panels_Research&diff=531Additional Solar Panels Research2021-03-18T18:36:40Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>The current solar panel is a 250W, 24V panel. To upgrade the system correctly, we need one or more 24V panels. Around 750 additional Watts would be ideal. The current inverter's maximum continuous battery charger input is 3600VA.<br />
Monocrystalline solar cells are made from a single silicon crystal which makes them up to 20% efficient.<br />
<br />
Here are things to consider when connecting panels [in series or parallel](https://solarpanelsvenue.com/mixing-solar-panels/). However, it seems wise to [use two charge controller](https://www.cedgreentech.com/question/can-i-connect-two-charge-controllers-same-battery-bank).<br />
<br />
__We ordered five of these panels__<br />
- $ 259 - 62.2 x 31.8 x 1.4 inches - [SUNGOLDPOWER Solar Panel 200W 24V Monocrystalline Solar Panel 200 Watt Solar Module Grade A Solar Cell](https://www.amazon.com/SUNGOLDPOWER-Solar-Panel-Monocrystalline-Module/dp/B07N6CX9MC/ref=sr_1_4?dchild=1&keywords=24v+solar+panels&qid=1598213514&sr=8-4) [Panels on Sungoldpower website](https://sungoldpower.com/collections/monocrystalline-solar-panel/products/200-watt-monocrystalline-solar-panel#specification_1))<br />
<br />
__Another option: Monocrystalline Solar Panels__<br />
- $ 192 - [NEWPOWA 200W 24V MONOCRYSTALLINE HIGH EFFICIENCY SOLAR PANEL](https://www.newpowa.com/products/newpowa-200w-24v-monocrystalline-high-efficiency-solar-panel?variant=31891763396682&currency=USD&utm_medium=product_sync&utm_source=google&utm_content=sag_organic&utm_campaign=sag_organic&utm_campaign=gs-2020-04-10&utm_source=google&utm_medium=smart_campaign)<br />
<br />
__Another option: Polycrystalline Solar Panels__<br />
- $ 285 - [Renogy 270 Watt 24 Volt Polycrystalline Solar Panel](https://www.overstock.com/Home-Garden/Renogy-270-Watt-24-Volt-Polycrystalline-Solar-Panel/26521591/product.html?option=44606635)<br />
<br />
## Charge Controller and Diversion Controller<br />
<br />
- __POTENTIAL PURCHASE__: [Schneider C-60](https://www.solarflexion.com/product-p/c60.htm?gclid=CjwKCAjwkdL6BRAREiwA-kiczEukfCixIMcoghe-eUk7crbVxUWEfZmWXz50Qy7D-q5YD3yHzt9aAhoCQy4QAvD_BwE) for the 1000W solar system<br />
- The TriStar TS-45 is __broken__ ([manual](https://2n1s7w3qw84d2ysnx3ia2bct-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/TS.IOM_.Operators_Manual.04.EN_1.pdf)) by Morningstar.<br />
- We’re currently using the Schneider C-35 ([Manual](http://solar.schneider-electric.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/c-series-manual-975-0004-01-02-rev-d_eng.pdf)) as a diversion controller with a heating element attached. <br />
- __POTENTIAL PURCHASE__: [MPPT Solar Charge Controller](https://www.amazon.com/SolarEpic-Charge-Controller-Temperature-Communication/dp/B07429RK43/ref=asc_df_B07429RK43/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=198064505516&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=16807528780714719740&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010298&hvtargid=pla-352412316426&psc=1)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
## Wires and Connectors<br />
<br />
Our 1000W and 24V solar system (5x 200W Sungoldpower panels) will have a peak current of 40A. As the average current will be around 30A or lower, however, a [2 AWG cable](https://www.rapidtables.com/calc/wire/2-gauge.html) for the distance of 10m (30 feet) will be appropriate.<br />
[[File:WireSize.JPG|border|thumb|Wire AWG size recommendations for a 12V solar system from the TS-45 manual]]<br />
<br />
Sunpowergold panels have [MC4 connectors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector). We probably need a [5 to 1 T-branch connector](https://www.amazon.com/Solar-Branch-Connectors-Coupler-Combiner/dp/B0833Y99Q1/ref=asc_df_B0833Y99Q1/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=416960572979&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=9974211773035361050&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9008236&hvtargid=pla-898513968645&psc=1&tag=&ref=&adgrpid=97671768687&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvadid=416960572979&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=9974211773035361050&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9008236&hvtargid=pla-898513968645) and an additional adapter from the 12 AWG cable to a 2 AWG cable that runs back to the charge controller.<br />
<br />
## Mounting and moving<br />
<br />
Here you can find a [general overview of various solar panel tracker ideas](https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/are-solar-axis-trackers-worth-the-additional-investment).</br><br />
Refer to [[Pan-tilt mechanism research]] for more insight on mounting and moving the panels.<br />
<br />
<br />
## Tax Refund<br />
<br />
We can try to claim solar rebates, a tax refund, to lower our costs. North Carolina's [solar incentives](https://www.energysage.com/local-data/solar-rebates-incentives/nc/) reach from property tax exemption to refunds per watt. Duke Energy offers a $0.60/Watt rebate for systems up to 10 kilowatts. <br />
<br />
On [solarize-nc.org](http://solarize-nc.org/taxes/#:~:text=From%20now%20through%202019%2C%20it,to%2010%25%20for%20commercial%20installations.), they mention the following about tax credits and deductions in North Carolina:<br />
<br />
<blockquote>Unfortunately, the North Carolina solar tax credit (which paid back 35% of the installed cost of your system), expired on December 31, 2015, so it is too late to take advantage of that tax credit. (For those whose solar was installed before Dec. 31, 2015, your state credit can be used over five years, but can only account for 50% of your tax bill in any one year.) <br />
<br />
The Federal solar tax credit, which was scheduled to expire December 31, 2016, has now been extended through 2021 as part of the spending bill passed on Dec. 18, 2015. From now through 2019, it pays back 30% of the installed cost of your system (assuming you pay enough tax to use it up). The credit drops to 26% in 2020 and 22% in 2021. After Dec. 31, 2021, the Federal tax credit expires for residential customers and drops to 10% for commercial installations.</blockquote></div>Lsantenhttp://wiki.olinatwoodlandharvest.com/index.php?title=Pan-tilt_mechanism_research&diff=530Pan-tilt mechanism research2021-03-18T18:28:07Z<p>Lsanten: </p>
<hr />
<div>There is a large variety of solar panel pan-tilt mechanisms. Here you can find a [general overview of various solar panel tracker ideas](https://www.solarreviews.com/blog/are-solar-axis-trackers-worth-the-additional-investment). </br>[SunWize](https://www.sunwize.com/application-item/solar-panel-mounts/) has a large number of solar panel connectors and brackets. [Solar Electric](https://www.solar-electric.com/residential/panel-mounts-trackers/pole-mounts.html) has pole mounts.<br />
<br />
## Potential Design One<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [ECO-worthy linear actuator controller](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00JYAIS9W/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_fabc_PGWD9GZZN7953B59Y202?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1)<br />
<br />
This design does not have a rotational mechanism, but two linear actuators and three hinges. The hinges permit it to tilt in different directions, simulating a rotation. <br />
<br />
[[File:ECO-worthy_mechanism_breakdown.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Linear_actuator_motion.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Actuatordesign_materials.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros:<br />
<br />
- Linear actuators can resist change in motion i.e. when you power them to a certain position, they will stay there and not consume extra power. <br />
- Linear actuators are somewhat cheap <br />
- All materials for this design can be bought locally, like Lowe's <br />
- Existing template for this design exists. Maximum load with their actuator and trigonometry is 330 lbs, which is more than enough to carry five solar panels. (We don't have to calculate torque)<br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- Linear actuators don't have encoders, so we would need to attach a position sensor or accelerometer to the motor.<br />
<br />
Same linear actuators can be found on Banggood [Linear actuators](https://usa.banggood.com/1500N-12V-4681012-inch-Linear-Actuator-Adjustable-Actuator-Tor-Opener-Linear-Actuator-Motor-p-1115476.html?cur_warehouse=CN&ID=566086&rmmds=search)<br />
<br />
## Potential Design Two<br />
<br />
Taking inspiration from [Simplified Solar Panel Pan-Tilt](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:53321)<br />
<br />
This design is cute and can be completed as a benchtop experiment. We would calculate the torque to rotate our mass, and then we would program servo rotation with an Arduino. We would need someone to 3-D print the gears and send them to us. <br />
<br />
To tilt the solar panels during the day, we could mount them to a rod and rotate the rod, similar to [this mount](https://www.ecodirect.com/Tamarack-Solar-UNI-PGRM-5P1-Top-of-Pole-Mount-p/tamarack-uni-pgrm-5p1.htm?gclid=Cj0KCQjw8fr7BRDSARIsAK0Qqr4xHvMvIqFGFAXQsrLIevLGQ5ZELeIHdAVhUrD0vjdXkz8LiQ_oPp0aAuqpEALw_wcB).<br />
<br />
[[File:Simplified_Pan-Tilt.png|500px]]<br />
<br />
Pros and possibly also cons:<br />
<br />
- We can play around with gear ratios and design to have a super precise movement<br />
- We have to find motors<br />
- It would be a massive mechanical display <br />
- We can use encoders, which would make programming easier in the long run. <br />
<br />
Cons: <br />
<br />
- It might require sourcing someone for CNC or lathe use<br />
- We don't know what issues we might run into scaling up such a design</div>Lsanten