[[File:ForcesOnVAWTairfoil.JPG|border|thumb|Vector diagram of the aerodynamic forces acting on a VAWT airfoil. Here U is the freestream velocity, ω is the angular velocity of the turbine, R is the turbine radius, Urel is the relative freestream velocity as seen by the turbine blade, and Ft(lift) and Ft(drag) are the tangential components of the lift and drag forces, i.e., Flift and Fdrag, respectively.]]
### Materials - stress and strain
[[File:Aerodynamic-load-wind-turbine.JPG|border|thumb|]]
[[File:Stress-strain.JPG|border|thumb|]]
### Wind energy extraction